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Promethium
Promethium

Rhodium
Rhodium



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Promethium
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Rhodium

Promethium Rhodium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pm
Rh
1.2 Group Number
NA9
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
3.2 Period Number
65
Lithium Metal
2 7
4.4 Block
f block
d block
4.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
4.6 CAS Number
74401227440166
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
4.9 Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
4.10 Space Group Number
NA225.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
5 Facts
5.1 Interesting Facts
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
5.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
5.3 History
5.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
William Hyde Wollaston
5.3.2 Discovery
In 1942
In 1804
5.4 Abundance
5.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA6 * 10-8 %
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
5.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000002 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
5.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
6.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
6.2.6 Abundance In Oceans
NANA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
6.2.9 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
7.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
7.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
7.2 Biological Properties
7.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
NA
7.2.2 Present in Human Body
7.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
7.2.7 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C1,966.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
1.2 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C3,727.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
2.2 Appearance
2.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
2.2.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery White
2.2.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
2.3 Hardness
2.3.1 Mohs Hardness
NA6.00
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
2.4.3 Brinell Hardness
NA980.00 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
2.8.1 Vickers Hardness
NA1,100.00 MPa
Palladium Metal
121 3430
3.2 Speed of Sound
NA4,700.00 m/s
Thallium Metal
818 16200
3.5 Optical Properties
3.5.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
1.2.3 Reflectivity
NA84.00 %
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
1.3 Allotropes
1.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
Pm
Rh
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2716
Tennessine Metal
0 38
2.5 Electronegativity
2.5.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA2.28
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
2.8.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
2.11.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.45
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
3.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
3.5.2 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.56
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
3.7 Electropositivity
3.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA1.72
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
3.8 Ionization Energies
3.8.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
3.8.4 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
3.8.8 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
1.1.1 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
1.2.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
2.1.3 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
2.5.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
1.5.1 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
1.8.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
2.4.3 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
4.1.1 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
4.4.3 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
4.8.4 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
4.9.5 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
6.1.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
7.2.4 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
7.4.4 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.1.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.3.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.7.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.10.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.13.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.14.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.16.1 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.19.2 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
9.1.3 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
9.2.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
9.2.5 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
9.3.3 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
10.2.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
10.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
10.9 Electron Work Function
NA4.98 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
10.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
6145
Lithium Metal
3 117
11.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
11.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
6145
Lithium Metal
3 117
11.7.4 Number of Neutrons
8458
Lithium Metal
4 184
11.9.2 Number of Electrons
6145
Lithium Metal
3 117
11.12 Radius of an Atom
11.12.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm134.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
1.2.1 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm142.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
2.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
1.4 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu102.91 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
2.6 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol8.30 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
2.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
2.9.1 Previous Element
2.9.2 Next Element
2.10 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
2.14 Lattice Constant
NA380.34 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
1.5 Lattice Angles
Unknown
π/2, π/2, π/2
1.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
2.7.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA10.70 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
3.5 Tensile Strength
NA951.00 MPa
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
3.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
5.2 Vapor Pressure
5.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
5.3.6 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA0.02 (Pa)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
6.2 Elasticity properties
6.2.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa150.00 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
6.3.6 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa275.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
6.4.3 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa380.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
8.3 Poisson Ratio
0.280.26
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
8.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable
9 Magnetic
9.1 Magnetic Characteristics
9.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.2612.41
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
11.1.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.5.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
12.3 Electrical Properties
12.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
12.3.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m43.30 nΩ·m
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
12.6.5 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.21 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
12.7.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol109.70 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
1.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.98 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
1.6 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K150.00 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
4.3 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
4.8 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)8.20 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
4.10 Enthalpy
4.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA495.40 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
4.10.7 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol21.76 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
4.12.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol556.50 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
1.2 Standard Molar Entropy
NA31.50 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1