Protactinium Barium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa
Ba
Group Number
Not Available
2
16
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
7440133
99+
7440393
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
139.00
8
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
William Crookes
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovery
In 1900
In 1772
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.000001 %
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
20
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.03 %
11
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
- Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.07 Blood/mg dm-3
15
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
70.00 p.p.m.
9
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C
21
725.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C
12
1,140.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.25
19
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,620.00 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa
Ba
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
27
12
37
2
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50
27
0.89
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.68
28
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
0.97
38
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
0.88
22
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
0.88
99+
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50
27
3.11
4
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol
99+
502.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol
99+
965.20 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,600.00 kJ/mol
14
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr
99+
2.56 g/amp-hr
20
Electron Work Function
Not Available
2.70 eV
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91
27
56
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 6s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
91
27
56
99+
Number of Neutrons
122
21
81
99+
Number of Electrons
91
27
56
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm
25
222.00 pm
4
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm
11
215.00 pm
5
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm
11
268.00 pm
6
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu
24
137.33 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
34
39.24 cm3/mol
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)
11
21.30 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm
23
502.80 pm
15
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3
20
3.51 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
3.34 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
7.11 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
4.90 GPa
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
9.60 GPa
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available
13.00 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.37
12
3.62
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m
21
332.00 nΩ·m
13
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω
34
0.03 106/cm Ω
40
Electron Affinity
Not Available
13.95 kJ/mol
36
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.20 J/(kg K)
30
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
28.07 J/mol·K
12
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K
32
18.40 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
20.60 µm/(m·K)
22
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
140.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol
28
7.66 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
175.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K
1
62.50 J/mol.K
20
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