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Protactinium vs Magnesium

Protactinium
Magnesium
Magnesium vs Protactinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pa   
Mg   
Group Number
Not Available   
2   
16
Period Number
7   
3   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkaline Earth   
CAS Number
7440133   
99+
7439954   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
  • Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
  • Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
  
Sources
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals   
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Crookes   
Joseph Black   
Discovery
In 1900   
In 1755   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-2 %   
2
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.07 %   
2
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
12.00 %   
2
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
2.90 %   
4
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.13 %   
2
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.03 %   
4
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
  • It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
37.80 Blood/mg dm-3   
5
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1,800.00 p.p.m.   
4
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,568.00 °C   
21
650.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
4,027.00 °C   
12
1,107.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
260.00 MPa   
36
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,940.00 m/s   
11
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
74.00 %   
7
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pa   
Mg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
27   
12
15   
24
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.50   
27
1.31   
31
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.32   
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14   
28
1.23   
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.37   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.29   
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.50   
27
2.69   
23
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
568.00 kJ/mol   
99+
737.70 kJ/mol   
24
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,450.70 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,814.00 kJ/mol   
99+
7,732.70 kJ/mol   
5
4th Energy Level
2,991.00 kJ/mol   
99+
10,542.50 kJ/mol   
4
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,630.00 kJ/mol   
3
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,020.00 kJ/mol   
3
7th Energy level
Not Available   
21,711.00 kJ/mol   
3
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,661.00 kJ/mol   
3
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
31,653.00 kJ/mol   
3
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,458.00 kJ/mol   
5
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
169,988.00 kJ/mol   
1
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
189,368.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.72 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.45 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.66 eV   
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
91   
27
12   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2   
[Ne] 3s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Magnesium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
91   
27
12   
99+
Number of Neutrons
122   
21
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
91   
27
12   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
163.00 pm   
25
160.00 pm   
27
Covalent Radius
200.00 pm   
11
141.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
243.00 pm   
11
173.00 pm   
37
Atomic Weight
231.04 amu   
24
24.31 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol   
34
13.97 cm3/mol   
37
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thorium
  
Sodium
  
Next Element
Uranium
  
Aluminium
  
Valence Electron Potential
92.00 (-eV)   
11
40.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
392.50 pm   
23
320.94 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.37 g/cm3   
20
1.74 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
1.58 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
17.00 GPa   
37
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
25
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
45.00 GPa   
39
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.29   
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.37   
12
1.74   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
177.00 nΩ·m   
21
43.90 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
34
0.23 106/cm Ω   
7
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
1.02 J/(kg K)   
4
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.87 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
47.00 W/m·K   
32
156.00 W/m·K   
8
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)   
40
24.80 µm/(m·K)   
15
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
128.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
12.34 kJ/mol   
28
8.95 kJ/mol   
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
148.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
198.10 J/mol.K   
1
32.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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