1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.8 CAS Number
74401557440326
7429905
54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
1.10 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Masataka Ogawa
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.7 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.10 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.13 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.16 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.6 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
3,180.00 °C1,750.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,627.00 °C4,790.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.4 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.4 Brinell Hardness
1,320.00 MPa390.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.8 Vickers Hardness
1,350.00 MPa295.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s2,490.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.4 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.4 Electronegativity
5.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.5.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.4.4 Allen Electronegativity
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.6 Ionization Energies
6.6.1 1st Energy Level
760.00 kJ/mol587.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,260.00 kJ/mol1,110.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.7.6 3rd Energy Level
2,510.00 kJ/mol1,978.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.8.1 4th Energy Level
3,640.00 kJ/mol2,780.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.10.1 5th Energy Level
6.11.1 6th Energy Level
7.1.1 7th Energy level
7.3.1 8th Energy Level
7.7.1 9th Energy Level
7.9.2 10th Energy Level
8.1.2 11th Energy Level
8.1.5 12th Energy Level
8.3.1 13th Energy Level
8.4.1 14th Energy Level
8.5.3 15th Energy Level
8.6.1 16th Energy Level
8.7.2 17th Energy Level
8.8.1 18th Energy Level
8.8.3 19th Energy Level
8.10.2 20th Energy Level
8.12.1 21st Energy Level
8.12.2 22nd Energy Level
9.1.2 23rd Energy Level
10.1.4 24th Energy Level
10.1.5 25th Energy Level
10.1.8 26th Energy Level
10.1.9 27th Energy Level
10.3.1 28th Energy Level
10.3.2 29th Energy Level
10.4.2 30th Energy Level
10.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.99 g/amp-hr2.16 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.7 Electron Work Function
11.3 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
12.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
12.6.2 Number of Neutrons
12.7.1 Number of Electrons
12.9 Radius of an Atom
12.9.1 Atomic Radius
137.00 pm179.80 pm
112
265
12.11.1 Covalent Radius
151.00 pm206.00 pm
96
260
13.1.2 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm237.00 pm
139
348
13.2 Atomic Weight
186.21 amu232.04 amu
6.94
294
13.4 Atomic Volume
8.85 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.6.1 Previous Element
13.6.2 Next Element
13.7 Valence Electron Potential
180.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.8 Lattice Constant
276.10 pm508.42 pm
228.58
891.25
13.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
21.02 g/cm311.72 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
15.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.3 Tensile Strength
15.4 Viscosity
15.6 Vapor Pressure
15.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
15.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
15.8 Elasticity properties
15.8.1 Shear Modulus
178.00 GPa31.00 GPa
1.3
222
15.9.1 Bulk Modulus
370.00 GPa54.00 GPa
1.6
462
15.10.2 Young's Modulus
463.00 GPa79.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.11 Poisson Ratio
15.12 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
16.2.1 Susceptibility
16.3 Electrical Properties
16.3.1 Electrical Property
16.3.2 Resistivity
193.00 nΩ·m157.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.3.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.3.4 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.48 J/mol·K26.23 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.3 Thermal Conductivity
48.00 W/m·K54.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.5 Thermal Expansion
6.20 µm/(m·K)11.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.6 Enthalpy
17.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
707.10 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
33.05 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
791.00 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.7 Standard Molar Entropy
36.90 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1