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Rhodium vs Californium

Rhodium
Californium
Californium vs Rhodium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rh   
Cf   
Group Number
9   
9
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440166   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1804   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %   
25
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
36
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
NA   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,966.00 °C   
12
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,727.00 °C   
17
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00   
6
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
980.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
84.00 %   
4
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rh   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16   
23
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.45   
16
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.56   
24
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.98 eV   
6
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
45   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
45   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
58   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
45   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
102.91 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Ruthenium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Palladium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)   
22
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
380.34 pm   
27
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.41 g/cm3   
28
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
951.00 MPa   
5
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
150.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
275.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
380.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.26   
22
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.41   
20
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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