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Rutherfordium Hafnium Comparison

Rutherfordium
Hafnium
Hafnium Rutherfordium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf   
Hf   
Group Number
4   
14
4   
14
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
53850365   
13
7440586   
30
Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced   
By-product Zirconium Refining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research   
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy   
Discovery
In 1964   
In 1922   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
37
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
31
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
27
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
  • It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C   
11
2,150.00 °C   
10
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C   
3
5,400.00 °C   
5
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Unknown   
Gray   
Luster
Unknown Luster   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
1,450.00 MPa   
6
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,520.00 MPa   
5
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,010.00 m/s   
27
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Rf   
Hf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13   
26
32   
7
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.16   
37
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol   
99+
658.50 kJ/mol   
40
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol   
99+
1,440.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol   
99+
2,250.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol   
99+
3,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available   
1.66 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.90 eV   
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
104   
14
72   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104   
14
72   
99+
Number of Neutrons
157   
7
106   
29
Number of Electrons
104   
14
72   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm   
33
159.00 pm   
28
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm   
31
175.00 pm   
23
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu   
11
178.49 amu   
39
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
13.60 cm3/mol   
38
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Lutetium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Tantalum
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
81.00 (-eV)   
16
Lattice Constant
Not Available   
319.64 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.58   
12
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3   
8
13.31 g/cm3   
26
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
12.00 g/cm3   
12
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
445.00 MPa   
8
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
110.00 GPa   
15
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
78.00 GPa   
25
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available   
13.31   
18
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
331.00 nΩ·m   
14
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.03 106/cm Ω   
39
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.14 J/(kg K)   
37
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.73 J/mol·K   
36
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
23.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
5.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
661.10 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
25.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
703.00 kJ/mol   
5
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
43.60 J/mol.K   
34
Summary >>
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