1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
2.6 CAS Number
538503657440439
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
- Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.5.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,100.00 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery Bluish-Gray
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
5.4.5 Vickers Hardness
5.5 Speed of Sound
5.6 Optical Properties
5.6.1 Refractive Index
5.6.3 Reflectivity
5.7 Allotropes
5.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.8 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.7 4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
6.5.9 5th Energy Level
6.5.11 6th Energy Level
6.5.13 7th Energy level
6.5.15 8th Energy Level
6.5.18 9th Energy Level
6.5.20 10th Energy Level
6.5.22 11th Energy Level
6.6.1 12th Energy Level
6.6.2 13th Energy Level
6.7.1 14th Energy Level
7.1.1 15th Energy Level
7.1.2 16th Energy Level
7.4.2 17th Energy Level
7.4.4 18th Energy Level
7.4.5 19th Energy Level
7.4.7 20th Energy Level
7.5.2 21st Energy Level
7.5.4 22nd Energy Level
7.5.6 23rd Energy Level
7.5.7 24th Energy Level
7.6.1 25th Energy Level
7.7.1 26th Energy Level
7.9.1 27th Energy Level
7.10.1 28th Energy Level
8.1.2 29th Energy Level
8.1.3 30th Energy Level
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.3 Electron Work Function
8.5 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.4 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
9.5 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.5.1 Crystal Lattice
9.6 Atom
9.6.1 Number of Protons
9.7.2 Number of Neutrons
9.7.5 Number of Electrons
9.9 Radius of an Atom
9.9.1 Atomic Radius
150.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
10.1.2 Covalent Radius
157.00 pm144.00 pm
96
260
10.1.5 Van der Waals Radius
10.2 Atomic Weight
267.00 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
10.4 Atomic Volume
NA13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.5.1 Previous Element
10.5.2 Next Element
10.6 Valence Electron Potential
10.7 Lattice Constant
NA297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
11.2 Lattice Angles
11.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.4 Tensile Strength
12.6 Viscosity
12.8 Vapor Pressure
12.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.8.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.10 Elasticity properties
12.10.1 Shear Modulus
12.10.3 Bulk Modulus
12.10.5 Young's Modulus
12.12 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
13.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.2.4 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.5 Thermal Expansion
14.6 Enthalpy
14.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
14.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1