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Rutherfordium vs Livermorium

Rutherfordium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Lv  
Group Number
4  
14
16  
2
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1964  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
-  
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
-  
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
160  
5
Number of Electrons
104  
14
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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