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Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium

Mercury
Mercury



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Rutherfordium
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Rutherfordium vs Mercury

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Rf
Hg
1.2 Group Number
412
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
538503657439976
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
R_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
NA166.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Ancient Chinese and Indians
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1964
Before 2000 BCE
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NANA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NANA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.05 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NANA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.45 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
2,100.00 °CNA
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C356.58 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Liquid
4.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Unknown Luster
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA1,451.40 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NA1.00
Palladium
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA73.00 %
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Rf
Hg
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1334
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA2.00
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.20
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.44
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.81
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.44
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.00
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol1,007.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol1,810.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA3.74 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA4.49 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
10480
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
10480
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
157121
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
10480
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
150.00 pm151.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
157.00 pm132.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA155.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
267.00 amu200.59 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA14.82 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
NA28.20 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA300.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm313.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NANA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NA0.00
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NANA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA13.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
NA961.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA0.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.14 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA27.98 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA8.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA1,750.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA60.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA56.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA2.29 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA61.50 kJ/mol
Sodium
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA75.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1