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Rutherfordium vs Tantalum

Rutherfordium
Tantalum
Tantalum vs Rutherfordium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Rf  
Ta  
Group Number
4  
14
5  
13
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
53850365  
13
7440257  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
  
  • Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
  • Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
  
Sources
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg  
Discovery
In 1964  
In 1802  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
32
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
37
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
  • Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.03 p.p.m.  
33
Physical
Melting Point
2,100.00 °C  
11
2,996.00 °C  
4
Boiling Point
5,500.00 °C  
3
5,425.00 °C  
4
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray Blue  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
1,300.00 MPa  
9
440.00 MPa  
33
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s  
5
3,400.00 m/s  
33
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.15  
10
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
78.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Rf  
Ta  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
13  
26
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
0.00  
99+
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.33  
23
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
0.90  
99+
1.34  
38
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
18
2nd Energy Level
1,389.40 kJ/mol  
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,296.40 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
9
5th Energy Level
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
6th Energy Level
11,600.00 kJ/mol  
7
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
36
7th Energy level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
8th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
9th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
26
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
30
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
29
12th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
22
14th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
19
15th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
19
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
76,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
17th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
35
18th Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,610.00 kJ/mol  
25
19th Energy Level
579.90 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
32
20th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
26
21st Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
20
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
26th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
27th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
15
28th Energy Level
840.00 kJ/mol  
14
761.00 kJ/mol  
21
29th Energy Level
580.60 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
22
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
761.00 kJ/mol  
16
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.35 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
6.00 eV  
1
4.25 eV  
28
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
104  
14
73  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
104  
14
73  
99+
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
108  
29
Number of Electrons
104  
14
73  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
150.00 pm  
35
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm  
33
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
250.00 pm  
10
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
267.00 amu  
11
180.95 amu  
38
Atomic Volume
23.20 cm3/mol  
15
10.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lawrencium
  
Hafnium
  
Next Element
Dubnium
  
Tungsten
  
Valence Electron Potential
6.00 (-eV)  
99+
110.00 (-eV)  
7
Lattice Constant
-  
330.13 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.41  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.20 g/cm3  
8
16.69 g/cm3  
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.20 g/cm3  
9
15.00 g/cm3  
23
Tensile Strength
23.00 MPa  
99+
180.00 MPa  
20
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
23.00 GPa  
99+
69.00 GPa  
13
Bulk Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
8
Young's Modulus
12.80 GPa  
99+
186.00 GPa  
14
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.00  
10
16.65  
20
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.29 nΩ·m  
99+
131.00 nΩ·m  
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
32
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
31.00 kJ/mol  
35
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
23.20 J/mol·K  
99+
25.36 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.23 W/m·K  
99+
57.50 W/m·K  
27
Critical Temperature
2,400.00 K  
12
3,290.00 K  
4
Thermal Expansion
23.20 µm/(m·K)  
17
6.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
753.10 kJ/mol  
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
31.40 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
782.00 kJ/mol  
3
Standard Molar Entropy
57.60 J/mol.K  
28
41.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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