1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
1.5 CAS Number
74401997439943
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
2.4.1 Discovery
2.6 Abundance
2.6.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.6.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,072.00 °C1,652.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C3,402.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.7.2 Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa893.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.4 Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa1,160.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.10 Optical Properties
7.10.1 Refractive Index
7.10.2 Reflectivity
7.12 Allotropes
7.12.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.12.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.5 Electropositivity
9.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.6 Ionization Energies
9.6.1 1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.4 3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.2 4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.8.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,445.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.8.4 6th Energy Level
9.8.6 7th Energy level
9.8.8 8th Energy Level
9.8.10 9th Energy Level
9.8.12 10th Energy Level
9.8.14 11th Energy Level
9.8.16 12th Energy Level
9.8.18 13th Energy Level
9.8.20 14th Energy Level
9.8.22 15th Energy Level
9.8.24 16th Energy Level
9.8.26 17th Energy Level
9.8.28 18th Energy Level
9.8.30 19th Energy Level
9.8.32 20th Energy Level
9.8.34 21st Energy Level
9.8.35 22nd Energy Level
9.8.37 23rd Energy Level
9.8.39 24th Energy Level
9.8.41 25th Energy Level
9.8.43 26th Energy Level
9.8.45 27th Energy Level
9.8.47 28th Energy Level
9.8.49 29th Energy Level
9.8.51 30th Energy Level
9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.10 Electron Work Function
9.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
10.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.6.1 Number of Neutrons
11.3.1 Number of Electrons
11.5 Radius of an Atom
11.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
11.5.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
11.6.2 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm221.00 pm
139
348
11.7 Atomic Weight
150.36 amu174.97 amu
6.94
294
11.8 Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.10.1 Previous Element
11.10.2 Next Element
11.11 Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.13 Lattice Constant
362.10 pm350.31 pm
228.58
891.25
11.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
13.2 Tensile Strength
13.3 Viscosity
13.5 Vapor Pressure
13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
13.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.8 Elasticity properties
13.8.1 Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa27.20 GPa
1.3
222
13.8.3 Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa47.60 GPa
1.6
462
13.9.2 Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa68.60 GPa
1.7
528
13.10 Poisson Ratio
13.11 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.2.2 Permeability
14.2.3 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.2.6 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.3.3 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.2 Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.4 Critical Temperature
17.6 Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.8 Enthalpy
17.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
17.11 Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1