1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.9 Block
1.10 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.11 CAS Number
74401997440224
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.15 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %6 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.9 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,072.00 °C961.93 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C2,212.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.4 Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa251.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.3 Vickers Hardness
412.00 MPa229.00 MPa
121
3430
7.8 Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
7.10.1 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.2.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.3.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol731.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol2,070.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol3,361.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.6.3 4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
9.7.3 5th Energy Level
9.7.7 6th Energy Level
9.8.1 7th Energy level
9.8.3 8th Energy Level
9.9.1 9th Energy Level
9.10.1 10th Energy Level
10.1.2 11th Energy Level
10.4.2 12th Energy Level
10.4.5 13th Energy Level
10.4.9 14th Energy Level
10.4.10 15th Energy Level
10.5.2 16th Energy Level
10.5.5 17th Energy Level
10.5.8 18th Energy Level
10.6.1 19th Energy Level
10.7.1 20th Energy Level
10.7.3 21st Energy Level
10.9.2 22nd Energy Level
10.9.3 23rd Energy Level
10.10.2 24th Energy Level
10.12.1 25th Energy Level
10.12.2 26th Energy Level
11.1.3 27th Energy Level
11.1.5 28th Energy Level
11.1.8 29th Energy Level
11.1.10 30th Energy Level
11.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr4.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.6 Electron Work Function
11.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f6 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
12.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
12.4.1 Crystal Lattice
12.5 Atom
12.5.1 Number of Protons
12.5.4 Number of Neutrons
12.5.8 Number of Electrons
12.8 Radius of an Atom
12.8.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm144.00 pm
112
265
12.9.1 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm145.00 pm
96
260
14.1.1 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm172.00 pm
139
348
14.2 Atomic Weight
150.36 amu107.87 amu
6.94
294
14.7 Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol10.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
14.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.8.1 Previous Element
14.8.2 Next Element
14.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)11.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
14.10 Lattice Constant
362.10 pm408.53 pm
228.58
891.25
14.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm310.49 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
16.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.512
20
16.4 Tensile Strength
16.6 Viscosity
16.9 Vapor Pressure
16.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.94 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
16.10.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
16.13 Elasticity properties
16.13.1 Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa30.00 GPa
1.3
222
16.15.1 Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa100.00 GPa
1.6
462
16.17.1 Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa83.00 GPa
1.7
528
17.2 Poisson Ratio
17.4 Other Mechanical Properties
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
18.2.2 Permeability
18.3.1 Susceptibility
18.5 Electrical Properties
18.5.1 Electrical Property
18.5.2 Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m15.87 nΩ·m
0.18
961
18.5.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.63 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
18.6.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol125.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K25.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
19.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K429.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
19.5 Critical Temperature
20.2 Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)18.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
20.3 Enthalpy
20.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol255.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
20.4.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol11.30 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
20.4.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol284.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
21.2 Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K42.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1