1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74401997440097
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Samarium metals helps stimulating body metabolism.
- Samarium metals was 1st observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Dydimia in 1853.
- In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
- Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Humphry Davy
3.3.3 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
4.1.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.3 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Magnets of Samarium cobalt alloy are stronger than that of Iron and hence, they are used in microwave application.
- Samarium metal also used in optical lasers and infrared absorbing glasses and as a neutron absorber.
- Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
- Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors
NA
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-31,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
NA2,100.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,072.00 °C63.65 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,900.00 °C774.00 °C
147
5660
6.5 Appearance
6.5.1 Physical State
6.5.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
6.5.3 Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.2.2 Brinell Hardness
441.00 MPa0.36 MPa
0.14
3490
7.3.2 Vickers Hardness
7.4 Speed of Sound
2,130.00 m/s2,000.00 m/s
818
16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.3 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
544.50 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,070.00 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
2,260.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
3,990.00 kJ/mol5,877.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
NA7,975.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
NA9,590.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.7.12 7th Energy level
NA11,343.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA14,944.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA16,963.70 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.7.17 10th Energy Level
NA48,610.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.7.19 11th Energy Level
NA54,490.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.7.20 12th Energy Level
NA60,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.7.22 13th Energy Level
NA68,950.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.7.24 14th Energy Level
NA75,900.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.7.26 15th Energy Level
NA83,080.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.7.27 16th Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.7.29 17th Energy Level
NA99,710.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.7.31 18th Energy Level
8.7.33 19th Energy Level
8.7.35 20th Energy Level
8.7.37 21st Energy Level
8.7.39 22nd Energy Level
8.7.40 23rd Energy Level
8.7.42 24th Energy Level
8.7.44 25th Energy Level
8.7.46 26th Energy Level
8.7.48 27th Energy Level
8.7.50 28th Energy Level
8.7.52 29th Energy Level
8.7.53 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.87 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
9.4 Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.6.1 Number of Neutrons
10.1.1 Number of Electrons
10.2 Radius of an Atom
10.2.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm227.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
10.5.4 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm275.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
150.36 amu39.10 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
19.95 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
44.80 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.11 Lattice Constant
362.10 pm532.80 pm
228.58
891.25
10.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.52 g/cm30.86 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.16 g/cm30.83 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.6 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.11 Elasticity properties
11.11.1 Shear Modulus
19.50 GPa1.30 GPa
1.3
222
12.1.2 Bulk Modulus
37.80 GPa3.10 GPa
1.6
462
12.1.4 Young's Modulus
49.70 GPa3.53 GPa
1.7
528
12.2 Poisson Ratio
12.4 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.3.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.3.3 Permeability
13.3.4 Susceptibility
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
13.4.2 Resistivity
0.94 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.5.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.5.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.20 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
29.54 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.2 Thermal Conductivity
13.30 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.3 Critical Temperature
15.4 Thermal Expansion
12.70 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.5 Enthalpy
15.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
166.40 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.62 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
209.00 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.7 Standard Molar Entropy
69.60 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1