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Scandium
Scandium

Thallium
Thallium



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Scandium Thallium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Sc
Tl
1.2 Group Number
313
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.5 Block
d block
p block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-​Transition
1.7 CAS Number
74402027440280
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.9 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.10 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
William Crookes
2.4.2 Discovery
In 1879
In 1861
2.5 Abundance
2.5.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %5 * 10-9 %
Palladium
5E-09 0.11
2.7.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
3.1.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.3.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °C303.50 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
5.3 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C1,457.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.2.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
6.2.3 Luster
Lustrous
NA
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
NA1.20
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
6.3.4 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa26.50 MPa
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
6.3.6 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
NA818.00 m/s
Palladium
818 16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
6.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
Sc
Tl
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
1332
Tennessine Metal
0 38
8.2 Electronegativity
8.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.361.62
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
8.3.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.022.25
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
8.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.44
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
8.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.96
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
8.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.191.79
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
8.7 Electropositivity
8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.642.38
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
8.9 Ionization Energies
8.9.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
8.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
8.9.4 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
8.9.6 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/molNA
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
8.10.1 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
8.10.2 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
8.10.3 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
8.10.4 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
8.10.5 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
8.10.6 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
8.10.7 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
8.10.8 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
8.10.9 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
8.10.10 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
8.10.11 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
8.10.12 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/molNA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
8.10.13 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
8.10.14 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
8.10.15 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/molNA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
8.10.16 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
8.10.17 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
8.10.18 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
8.10.19 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
8.10.20 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
8.10.21 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
8.10.22 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
8.10.23 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
8.10.24 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
8.10.25 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
8.10.26 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
8.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr7.63 g/amp-hr
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
8.12 Electron Work Function
3.50 eV3.84 eV
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
8.13 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
2181
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
2181
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
24123
Lithium Metal
4 184
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
2181
Lithium Metal
3 117
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
170.00 pm145.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm196.00 pm
Zinc Metal
139 348
9.6 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu204.38 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
9.7 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol17.20 cm3/mol
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)9.60 (-eV)
Francium Metal
8 392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
330.90 pm345.66 pm
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.60
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm311.22 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
10.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)16.90 (Pa)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa2.80 GPa
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa43.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa8.00 GPa
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.45
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Sectile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.9911.85
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
11.2.2 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m0.18 nΩ·m
Palladium
0.18 961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.06 106/cm Ω
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol19.20 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K26.32 J/mol·K
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K46.10 W/m·K
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
12.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
12.5 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)29.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol162.10 kJ/mol
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol4.27 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol179.90 kJ/mol
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K64.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1