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Scandium
Scandium

Livermorium
Livermorium



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Scandium
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Livermorium

Scandium vs Livermorium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Sc
Lv
1.2 Group Number
316
Gadolinium
0 17
2.2 Period Number
47
Lithium
2 7
2.7 Block
d block
p block
2.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Probably Post-​Transition
2.9 CAS Number
744020254100719
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.13 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
2.14 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Not Available
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1879
In 2000
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-6 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.5.6 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.7.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.7.2 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
5.3.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,539.00 °CNA
Francium
27 3410
8.2 Boiling Point
2,832.00 °CNA
Flerovium
147 5660
8.3 Appearance
8.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
8.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
8.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Unknown Luster
8.4 Hardness
8.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
9.1.1 Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
9.4.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
9.6 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium
818 16200
9.9 Optical Properties
9.9.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
9.10.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
9.11 Allotropes
9.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
Sc
Lv
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
135
Tennessine
0 38
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.36NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
12.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
12.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
12.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
1.19NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
12.5 Electropositivity
12.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.64NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
12.6 Ionization Energies
12.6.1 1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol723.60 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
13.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol1,331.50 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
13.2.1 3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol2,846.30 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
13.3.1 4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol3,811.20 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
13.3.2 5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol6,078.60 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
13.4.2 6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
13.5.2 7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
13.6.1 8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
13.6.3 9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
13.7.1 10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
13.7.3 11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
13.8.3 12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
13.8.6 13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
13.8.9 14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
13.8.11 15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/molNA
Manganese
41987 97510
13.9.1 16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
13.9.3 17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
13.9.5 18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
13.9.7 19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
13.9.8 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
13.9.10 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
13.9.11 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
13.9.13 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
13.9.14 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
13.9.16 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
13.9.17 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
13.9.19 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
13.9.21 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
13.9.22 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
13.9.24 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
13.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
13.11 Electron Work Function
3.50 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
13.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
21116
Lithium
3 117
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
14.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Not Known
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
21116
Lithium
3 117
14.4.4 Number of Neutrons
24160
Lithium
4 184
14.4.6 Number of Electrons
21116
Lithium
3 117
14.5 Radius of an Atom
14.5.1 Atomic Radius
162.00 pmNA
Beryllium
112 265
14.5.3 Covalent Radius
170.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
14.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
14.6 Atomic Weight
44.96 amu293.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
14.8 Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
14.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
14.9.1 Previous Element
14.9.2 Next Element
14.10 Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
14.12 Lattice Constant
330.90 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
15.2 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
15.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
16 Mechanical
16.1 Density
16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.534 40.7
16.4.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
16.5 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
16.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
16.7 Vapor Pressure
16.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
16.7.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
16.9 Elasticity properties
16.9.1 Shear Modulus
29.10 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
16.9.3 Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
16.10.1 Young's Modulus
74.40 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
16.11 Poisson Ratio
0.28NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
16.13 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.99NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
17.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.3.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
17.3.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
17.5 Electrical Properties
17.5.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
17.5.2 Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
17.7.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
18.1.2 Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
19.3 Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
19.5 Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
19.7 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
19.8 Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
19.10 Enthalpy
19.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
19.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
19.10.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
19.11 Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1