1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Alkaline Earth
1.6 CAS Number
74402797439954
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Magnesium ions are present in every chlorophyll of every green plant .
- Controlling Magnesium fire by pouring water on it will result in explosions.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By Electrolysis Process, In Ocean, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Joseph Black
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %6 * 10-2 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.07 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.7 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.9 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Magnesium aluminum alloy improves the mechanical strength and welding characteristics and hence it is used in aeroplane and car manufacturing.
-
It is also used to remove sulfur from the molten iron and steel.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA37.80 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
NA1,800.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C650.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C1,107.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa260.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.3 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.8 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.11 Allen Electronegativity
5.5 Electropositivity
5.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.7 Ionization Energies
5.7.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol737.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.1.1 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,450.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.1.2 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol7,732.70 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.4.2 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol10,542.50 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.4.4 5th Energy Level
NA13,630.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.4.6 6th Energy Level
NA18,020.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.4.7 7th Energy level
NA21,711.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
6.5.2 8th Energy Level
NA25,661.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
6.5.4 9th Energy Level
NA31,653.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
6.5.6 10th Energy Level
NA35,458.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
6.6.1 11th Energy Level
NA169,988.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
6.6.2 12th Energy Level
NA189,368.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
6.7.1 13th Energy Level
6.9.1 14th Energy Level
6.9.2 15th Energy Level
6.10.1 16th Energy Level
6.12.1 17th Energy Level
7.1.2 18th Energy Level
7.1.3 19th Energy Level
7.1.5 20th Energy Level
7.1.6 21st Energy Level
7.2.1 22nd Energy Level
7.3.1 23rd Energy Level
7.4.2 24th Energy Level
7.4.4 25th Energy Level
7.4.5 26th Energy Level
7.5.2 27th Energy Level
7.5.3 28th Energy Level
7.5.5 29th Energy Level
7.5.7 30th Energy Level
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr0.45 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.8 Electron Work Function
8.2 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Highly Inflammable, Ionization, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.3 Number of Neutrons
9.5.3 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
9.6.2 Covalent Radius
194.00 pm141.00 pm
96
260
9.6.4 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm173.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu24.31 amu
6.94
294
10.4 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol13.97 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)40.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm320.94 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm31.74 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm31.58 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)NA
2.62E-10
774
11.6 Elasticity properties
11.6.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa17.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.6.2 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa45.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.6.3 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa45.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.7 Poisson Ratio
11.8 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m43.90 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.23 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)1.02 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K24.87 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K156.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)24.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol128.70 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol8.95 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol148.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K32.70 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1