1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.3 Period Number
2.4 Block
2.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
2.6 CAS Number
74402797440622
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
- Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Gustaf Mosander
Andrés Manuel del Río
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %1 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.00004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.3 Abundance In Meteorites
4.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.3.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.8 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
-
Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
-
Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,356.00 °C1,890.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,123.00 °C3,380.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Blue-Silver Grey
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.4.3 Brinell Hardness
677.00 MPa600.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.5 Vickers Hardness
863.00 MPa628.00 MPa
121
3430
6.5 Speed of Sound
2,620.00 m/s4,560.00 m/s
818
16200
6.6 Optical Properties
6.6.1 Refractive Index
6.6.3 Reflectivity
6.7 Allotropes
6.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
7.4 Electropositivity
7.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.5 Ionization Energies
7.5.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol650.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,414.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,830.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.5.8 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol4,507.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.5.11 5th Energy Level
NA6,298.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
7.5.13 6th Energy Level
NA12,363.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
7.5.15 7th Energy level
NA14,530.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
7.5.18 8th Energy Level
NA16,730.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
7.5.20 9th Energy Level
NA19,860.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
7.6.1 10th Energy Level
NA22,240.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
7.7.1 11th Energy Level
NA24,670.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.1.1 12th Energy Level
NA29,730.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.1.2 13th Energy Level
NA32,446.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.4.2 14th Energy Level
NA86,450.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.4.4 15th Energy Level
NA94,170.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.4.5 16th Energy Level
NA102,300.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.4.7 17th Energy Level
NA112,700.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.5.2 18th Energy Level
NA121,600.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.5.5 19th Energy Level
NA130,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.6.1 20th Energy Level
NA143,400.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
8.7.1 21st Energy Level
NA151,440.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
8.7.2 22nd Energy Level
8.9.1 23rd Energy Level
8.9.2 24th Energy Level
8.10.1 25th Energy Level
8.12.1 26th Energy Level
9.1.2 27th Energy Level
9.1.4 28th Energy Level
9.1.5 29th Energy Level
9.1.6 30th Energy Level
9.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.98 g/amp-hr0.38 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.4 Electron Work Function
9.6 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f9 6s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
10.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.4.1 Crystal Lattice
10.5 Atom
10.5.1 Number of Protons
10.5.2 Number of Neutrons
10.5.4 Number of Electrons
10.7 Radius of an Atom
10.7.1 Atomic Radius
177.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
10.7.2 Covalent Radius
194.00 pm153.00 pm
96
260
10.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.8 Atomic Weight
158.93 amu50.94 amu
6.94
294
10.9 Atomic Volume
19.20 cm3/mol8.78 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
46.80 (-eV)120.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
360.10 pm303.00 pm
228.58
891.25
10.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.23 g/cm36.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.65 g/cm35.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
60.00 MPa800.00 MPa
2.5
11000
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.50 (Pa)0.23 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
13.2 Elasticity properties
13.2.1 Shear Modulus
22.10 GPa47.00 GPa
1.3
222
13.4.1 Bulk Modulus
38.70 GPa160.00 GPa
1.6
462
13.5.1 Young's Modulus
55.70 GPa128.00 GPa
1.7
528
13.7 Poisson Ratio
13.9 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.1.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
1.1.2 Permeability
1.1.4 Susceptibility
1.4 Electrical Properties
1.4.1 Electrical Property
1.4.2 Resistivity
1.15 nΩ·m197.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
1.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
1.5.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.49 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.3 Molar Heat Capacity
28.91 J/mol·K24.89 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.5 Thermal Conductivity
11.10 W/m·K30.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.6 Critical Temperature
2.7 Thermal Expansion
10.30 µm/(m·K)8.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.8 Enthalpy
2.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
330.90 kJ/mol458.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
10.80 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
314.00 kJ/mol514.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.10 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K28.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1