Symbol
Th
  
Bh
  
Period Number
7
  
7
  
Block
f block
  
d block
  
Element Family
Actinide
  
Transition Metal
  
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
  
Not Available
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
- Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
  
Discovery
In 1829
  
In 1981
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
- Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
NA
  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
  
Research Purposes
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic
  
Unknown
  
Present in Human Body
Yes
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.
  
29
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C
  
17
Not Available
  
Boiling Point
Not Available
  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Unknown
  
Luster
NA
  
Unknown Luster
  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s
  
36
Not Available
  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Th
  
Bh
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
742.90 kJ/mol
  
23
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol
  
30
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3,598.90 kJ/mol
  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
  
4,727.80 kJ/mol
  
37
6th Energy Level
Not Available
  
5,991.70 kJ/mol
  
24
7th Energy level
Not Available
  
7,226.80 kJ/mol
  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr
  
24
Not Available
  
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Not Available
  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)
  
23
Not Available
  
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
  
NA
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3
  
32
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
  
Unknown
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Unknown
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor
  
Unknown
  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m
  
22
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 10
6/cm Ω
  
31
Not Available
  
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
  
40
Not Available
  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K
  
30
Not Available
  
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K
  
28
Not Available
  
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)
  
36
Not Available
  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
  
15
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
  
19
Not Available
  
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
  
15
Not Available
  
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
  
99+
Not Available