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Thorium Bohrium Comparison


Bohrium Thorium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Th   
Bh   

Group Number
0   
18
7   
11

Period Number
7   
7   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440326   
99+
54037148   
12

Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Not Available   

Space Group Number
194.00   
5
Not Available   

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  

Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius   
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung   

Discovery
In 1829   
In 1981   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %   
9
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %   
9
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %   
11
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %   
7
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
15
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
NA   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Research Purposes   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Unknown   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.   
29
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
1,750.00 °C   
17
Not Available   

Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C   
8
Not Available   

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Unknown   

Luster
NA   
Unknown Luster   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   

Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa   
29
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s   
36
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Th   
Bh   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
28   
11
5   
32

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
Not Available   

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
742.90 kJ/mol   
23

2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol   
30

3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,598.90 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,727.80 kJ/mol   
37

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,991.70 kJ/mol   
24

7th Energy level
Not Available   
7,226.80 kJ/mol   
22

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
Not Available   

Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
90   
28
107   
11

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2   
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
90   
28
107   
11

Number of Neutrons
142   
15
155   
8

Number of Electrons
90   
28
107   
11

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
179.80 pm   
15
128.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
206.00 pm   
7
141.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm   
15
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
232.04 amu   
23
270.00 amu   
8

Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol   
20
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Actinium
  
Seaborgium
  

Next Element
Hassium
  

Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)   
23
Not Available   

Lattice Constant
508.42 pm   
14
Not Available   

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3   
32
37.10 g/cm3   
3

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
22
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa   
21
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa   
22
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.27   
20
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Unknown   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
11.70   
23
Not Available   

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Unknown   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m   
22
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
31
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K   
30
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K   
28
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)   
36
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol   
15
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   

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