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Thorium vs Bohrium

Thorium
Bohrium
Bohrium vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
Bh  
Group Number
0  
18
7  
11
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
54037148  
12
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Not Available  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
Not Available  
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Bohrium metal is also known as Unnilseptium (Uns) and Nielsbohrium (Ns).
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1981  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %  
9
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %  
9
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Currently known uses of Bohrium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
NA  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Unknown  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
29
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
Not Available  
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
Not Available  
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Unknown  
Luster
NA  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
12
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
29
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
29
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
36
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th  
Bh  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
Not Available  
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
29
Not Available  
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
Not Available  
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
742.90 kJ/mol  
23
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,688.50 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,566.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,598.90 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
4,727.80 kJ/mol  
37
6th Energy Level
Not Available  
5,991.70 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
Not Available  
7,226.80 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
24
Not Available  
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
32
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
90  
28
107  
11
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
107  
11
Number of Neutrons
142  
15
155  
8
Number of Electrons
90  
28
107  
11
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
15
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
141.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
15
Not Available  
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
270.00 amu  
8
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
20
Not Available  
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Seaborgium
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Hassium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
23
Not Available  
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
14
Not Available  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
32
37.10 g/cm3  
3
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
21
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
22
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
24
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Unknown  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
23
Not Available  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Unknown  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Unknown  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
Not Available  
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
31
Not Available  
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Not Available  
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
30
Not Available  
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
Not Available  
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
36
Not Available  
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Not Available  
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
15
Not Available  
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
Not Available  
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