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Thorium
Thorium

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Moscovium



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Thorium Moscovium Comparison

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Th
Mc
1.2 Group Number
015
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.3 Period Number
77
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Probably Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744032654085642
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1829
In 2003
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  • Currently known uses of Ununpentium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,750.00 °C400.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C1,100.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
3.00NA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPaNA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/sNA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Th
Mc
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
285
Tennessine Metal
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.30NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11NA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70NA
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol538.40 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol1,756.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol2,653.30 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol4,679.50 kJ/mol
Tin
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA5,721.60 kJ/mol
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.41 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
90115
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Not Known
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
90115
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
142159
Lithium Metal
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
90115
Lithium Metal
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
179.80 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
206.00 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
232.04 amu289.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
508.42 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NANA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
31.00 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
79.00 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.27NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.70NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Superconductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
1.2 Enthalpy
1.2.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
1.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
1.5.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
1.6 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1