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Thorium vs Tungsten

Thorium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Thorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Th  
W  
Group Number
0  
18
6  
12
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440326  
99+
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
  • Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Jöns Jakob Berzelius  
-  
Discovery
In 1829  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.05 %  
11
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.66 %  
7
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
  • compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
36
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.02 p.p.m.  
34
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
1,750.00 °C  
17
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
4,790.00 °C  
8
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
390.00 MPa  
35
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
295.00 MPa  
99+
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
2,490.00 m/s  
99+
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.60  
33
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
15.00 %  
36
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Th  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28  
11
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11  
30
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
38
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
58,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
5,870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
587.40 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr  
28
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV  
99+
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
90  
28
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 6d2 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
90  
28
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
142  
16
110  
28
Number of Electrons
90  
28
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
179.80 pm  
17
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
206.00 pm  
7
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm  
19
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
232.04 amu  
23
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/mol  
32
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Actinium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Protactinium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
59.30 (-eV)  
24
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
508.42 pm  
16
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.10  
99+
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.72 g/cm3  
34
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.72 g/cm3  
32
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
75.00 MPa  
30
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
54.00 GPa  
23
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
79.00 GPa  
26
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.27  
20
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.70  
36
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
157.00 nΩ·m  
22
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
36
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.23 J/mol·K  
38
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
54.00 W/m·K  
28
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
2,023.00 K  
20
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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