1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74403047440611
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Not Available
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %2 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.3.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.3.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
4.2.5 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,545.00 °C1,132.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C3,818.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.2 Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa2,350.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.6.5 Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa1,960.00 MPa
121
3430
5.7 Speed of Sound
1.2 Optical Properties
1.2.1 Refractive Index
1.3.2 Reflectivity
1.5 Allotropes
1.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
2.8 Electronegativity
2.8.1 Pauling Electronegativity
3.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
3.4.6 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
3.4.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
3.4.11 Allen Electronegativity
3.5 Electropositivity
3.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
4.3 Ionization Energies
4.3.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol597.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,420.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.1.3 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol1,900.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.2.2 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,145.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.4.3 5th Energy Level
5.4.6 6th Energy Level
5.4.8 7th Energy level
5.4.11 8th Energy Level
5.5.1 9th Energy Level
5.5.4 10th Energy Level
5.6.3 11th Energy Level
6.2.3 12th Energy Level
6.2.5 13th Energy Level
6.4.1 14th Energy Level
6.5.1 15th Energy Level
6.6.1 16th Energy Level
7.1.2 17th Energy Level
7.4.2 18th Energy Level
7.4.4 19th Energy Level
7.5.2 20th Energy Level
7.5.3 21st Energy Level
7.6.3 22nd Energy Level
7.6.5 23rd Energy Level
7.7.2 24th Energy Level
7.7.5 25th Energy Level
7.7.7 26th Energy Level
7.7.9 27th Energy Level
7.8.1 28th Energy Level
7.8.2 29th Energy Level
7.9.1 30th Energy Level
7.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr1.48 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.13 Electron Work Function
7.15 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
9.2 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
9.2.1 Crystal Lattice
9.3 Atom
9.3.1 Number of Protons
9.3.4 Number of Neutrons
9.4.1 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm156.00 pm
112
265
9.7.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
9.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.8 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu238.03 amu
6.94
294
9.9 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol12.59 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.11.1 Previous Element
9.11.2 Next Element
9.12 Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.13 Lattice Constant
353.75 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
9.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm319.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm317.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.3 Tensile Strength
11.2 Viscosity
11.3 Vapor Pressure
11.3.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.3.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa111.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.4 Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa100.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.7 Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa208.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
12.2 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.3.2 Permeability
13.4.1 Susceptibility
13.5 Electrical Properties
13.5.1 Electrical Property
13.5.2 Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m0.28 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.7.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.04 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.1.1 Electron Affinity
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K27.67 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.6 Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K27.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.8 Critical Temperature
15.9 Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)13.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
15.11 Enthalpy
15.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol477.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
15.11.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.11.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol489.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.13 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K50.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1