1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74403047440348
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained by Treating Radium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Friedrich Oskar Giesel
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.2.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.2.7 Abundance In Oceans
3.2.8 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Actinium metal has a great source of alpha rays but it is hardly used outside research purpose.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,545.00 °C1,227.00 °C
27
3410
6.4 Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C3,200.00 °C
147
5660
6.6 Appearance
6.6.1 Physical State
6.6.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery White
6.6.3 Luster
6.7 Hardness
6.7.1 Mohs Hardness
6.7.3 Brinell Hardness
6.7.5 Vickers Hardness
6.9 Speed of Sound
6.11 Optical Properties
6.11.1 Refractive Index
6.11.3 Reflectivity
7.3 Allotropes
7.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.8 Allen Electronegativity
8.5 Electropositivity
8.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.6 Ionization Energies
8.6.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol499.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.2 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol1,900.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.8.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol4,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.8.6 5th Energy Level
8.8.8 6th Energy Level
8.8.9 7th Energy level
8.8.11 8th Energy Level
8.8.13 9th Energy Level
8.8.15 10th Energy Level
8.8.17 11th Energy Level
8.8.19 12th Energy Level
8.8.21 13th Energy Level
8.8.23 14th Energy Level
8.8.25 15th Energy Level
8.8.26 16th Energy Level
8.8.28 17th Energy Level
8.8.30 18th Energy Level
8.8.31 19th Energy Level
8.8.33 20th Energy Level
8.8.35 21st Energy Level
8.8.37 22nd Energy Level
8.8.38 23rd Energy Level
8.8.40 24th Energy Level
8.8.42 25th Energy Level
8.8.44 26th Energy Level
8.8.46 27th Energy Level
8.8.48 28th Energy Level
8.8.50 29th Energy Level
8.8.52 30th Energy Level
8.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.82 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Rn] 6d1 7s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.5.1 Number of Neutrons
9.5.2 Number of Electrons
9.7 Radius of an Atom
9.7.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm195.00 pm
112
265
10.1.1 Covalent Radius
10.3.1 Van der Waals Radius
10.5 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu227.00 amu
6.94
294
10.6 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol22.54 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)38.60 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.9 Lattice Constant
353.75 pm567.00 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm310.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.6 Vapor Pressure
11.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.9 Elasticity properties
11.9.1 Shear Modulus
11.10.1 Bulk Modulus
11.12.1 Young's Modulus
12.2 Poisson Ratio
12.3 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.2.2 Permeability
13.2.3 Susceptibility
13.4 Electrical Properties
13.4.1 Electrical Property
13.5.2 Resistivity
13.5.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
13.6.2 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K12.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
15.2 Thermal Expansion
15.3 Enthalpy
15.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
15.4.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.4.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol301.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.5 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K56.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1