1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.3 Block
1.4 Element Family
1.5 CAS Number
744030454386242
7429905
54386242
1.6 Space Group Name
1.7 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.1 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.4.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
6.5 Boiling Point
6.7 Appearance
6.7.1 Physical State
6.7.2 Color
6.7.3 Luster
6.8 Hardness
6.8.1 Mohs Hardness
6.8.5 Brinell Hardness
6.9.2 Vickers Hardness
7.4 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.2.5 Reflectivity
9.2 Allotropes
9.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10 Chemical
10.1 Chemical Formula
10.2 Isotopes
10.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.6 Electronegativity
10.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.9.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.10.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.11.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
11.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
12.3 Electropositivity
12.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.5 Ionization Energies
12.5.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol1,022.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.7.4 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol2,074.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.3.1 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.6.1 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol4,052.40 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.8.2 5th Energy Level
NA5,306.70 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.8.3 6th Energy Level
13.9.3 7th Energy level
13.10.4 8th Energy Level
13.10.8 9th Energy Level
13.10.9 10th Energy Level
13.13.1 11th Energy Level
14.1.3 12th Energy Level
14.1.7 13th Energy Level
14.1.10 14th Energy Level
14.2.4 15th Energy Level
14.2.6 16th Energy Level
14.2.9 17th Energy Level
15.2.1 18th Energy Level
15.3.1 19th Energy Level
15.4.2 20th Energy Level
15.5.1 21st Energy Level
15.6.2 22nd Energy Level
15.6.4 23rd Energy Level
15.6.6 24th Energy Level
15.6.9 25th Energy Level
15.6.10 26th Energy Level
15.7.1 27th Energy Level
15.7.3 28th Energy Level
15.7.4 29th Energy Level
15.7.6 30th Energy Level
15.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
15.9 Electron Work Function
15.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
NA
16 Atomic
16.1 Atomic Number
16.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2
16.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
16.3.1 Crystal Lattice
16.4 Atom
16.4.1 Number of Protons
16.4.3 Number of Neutrons
16.4.6 Number of Electrons
16.5 Radius of an Atom
16.5.1 Atomic Radius
16.5.3 Covalent Radius
16.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
16.6 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu281.00 amu
6.94
294
16.7 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
16.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.8.1 Previous Element
16.8.2 Next Element
16.9 Valence Electron Potential
16.11 Lattice Constant
353.75 pmNA
228.58
891.25
16.12 Lattice Angles
16.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm328.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
18.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
18.5 Tensile Strength
18.6 Viscosity
18.7 Vapor Pressure
18.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
18.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
18.9 Elasticity properties
18.9.1 Shear Modulus
18.9.4 Bulk Modulus
18.10.1 Young's Modulus
18.12 Poisson Ratio
18.15 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
19.2.2 Permeability
19.4.1 Susceptibility
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
20.2.2 Resistivity
20.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
20.3.1 Electron Affinity
21 Thermal
21.1 Specific Heat
21.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
21.4 Thermal Conductivity
21.6 Critical Temperature
21.7 Thermal Expansion
21.8 Enthalpy
21.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
21.9.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
22.1.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
22.2 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1