1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.9 CAS Number
74403047440337
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Per Teodor Cleve
Not Available
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %5 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000002 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.3.2 Present in Human Body
4.3.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.4 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,545.00 °C3,410.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,730.00 °C5,660.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Grayish White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.1.4 Brinell Hardness
471.00 MPa2,000.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.1.6 Vickers Hardness
520.00 MPa3,430.00 MPa
121
3430
6.3 Speed of Sound
6.4 Optical Properties
6.4.1 Refractive Index
6.4.2 Reflectivity
6.5 Allotropes
6.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.1.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.8 Ionization Energies
8.8.1 1st Energy Level
596.70 kJ/mol770.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,160.00 kJ/mol1,700.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.4 3rd Energy Level
2,285.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
8.8.6 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.8.7 5th Energy Level
8.9.1 6th Energy Level
8.9.2 7th Energy level
8.9.3 8th Energy Level
8.9.4 9th Energy Level
8.9.5 10th Energy Level
8.9.6 11th Energy Level
8.9.7 12th Energy Level
8.9.8 13th Energy Level
8.9.9 14th Energy Level
8.9.10 15th Energy Level
8.9.11 16th Energy Level
8.9.12 17th Energy Level
8.9.13 18th Energy Level
8.9.14 19th Energy Level
8.9.15 20th Energy Level
8.9.16 21st Energy Level
8.9.17 22nd Energy Level
8.9.18 23rd Energy Level
8.9.19 24th Energy Level
8.9.20 25th Energy Level
8.9.21 26th Energy Level
8.9.22 27th Energy Level
8.9.23 28th Energy Level
8.9.24 29th Energy Level
8.9.25 30th Energy Level
8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr1.14 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.11 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm162.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.6 Atomic Weight
168.93 amu183.84 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
18.10 cm3/mol9.53 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
49.70 (-eV)140.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
353.75 pm316.52 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
9.32 g/cm319.25 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.56 g/cm317.60 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
30.50 GPa161.00 GPa
1.3
222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
44.50 GPa310.00 GPa
1.6
462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
74.00 GPa411.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
676.00 nΩ·m52.80 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol78.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.16 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
2.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.03 J/mol·K24.27 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
2.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.90 W/m·K173.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
2.5 Critical Temperature
2.8 Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)4.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
2.9 Enthalpy
2.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
191.00 kJ/mol799.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
2.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.80 kJ/mol35.23 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
247.00 kJ/mol837.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.11 Standard Molar Entropy
74.00 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1