1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.6 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.7 CAS Number
74403377440677
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
- Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
- Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
- Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %5 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.000004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
2.6.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.2.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
- Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
- As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
- Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.10 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
3,410.00 °C1,852.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C4,377.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery White
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.4.3 Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0.14
3490
5.5.2 Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa820.00 MPa
121
3430
5.7 Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s3,800.00 m/s
818
16200
5.8 Optical Properties
5.8.2 Refractive Index
5.8.3 Reflectivity
5.9 Allotropes
5.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
6.4 Electropositivity
6.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.5 Ionization Energies
6.5.1 1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol640.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol1,270.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.5 3rd Energy Level
NA2,218.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.6 4th Energy Level
NA3,313.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
6.5.8 5th Energy Level
NA7,752.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
6.5.10 6th Energy Level
NA9,500.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
6.5.12 7th Energy level
6.5.13 8th Energy Level
6.5.15 9th Energy Level
6.5.17 10th Energy Level
6.5.19 11th Energy Level
6.5.21 12th Energy Level
6.5.23 13th Energy Level
6.5.25 14th Energy Level
6.5.28 15th Energy Level
6.5.30 16th Energy Level
6.5.32 17th Energy Level
6.5.34 18th Energy Level
6.5.36 19th Energy Level
6.5.38 20th Energy Level
6.5.40 21st Energy Level
6.5.42 22nd Energy Level
6.5.43 23rd Energy Level
6.6.1 24th Energy Level
6.6.2 25th Energy Level
6.7.1 26th Energy Level
6.7.2 27th Energy Level
7.1.1 28th Energy Level
7.2.1 29th Energy Level
7.4.2 30th Energy Level
7.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr0.85 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.6 Electron Work Function
7.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
8.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.4.1 Crystal Lattice
8.5 Atom
8.5.1 Number of Protons
8.5.3 Number of Neutrons
8.5.5 Number of Electrons
8.7 Radius of an Atom
8.7.1 Atomic Radius
139.00 pm160.00 pm
112
265
8.8.1 Covalent Radius
162.00 pm175.00 pm
96
260
8.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
8.11 Atomic Weight
183.84 amu91.22 amu
6.94
294
8.13 Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol14.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
8.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.16.1 Previous Element
8.16.2 Next Element
8.17 Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)80.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.2 Lattice Constant
316.52 pm323.20 pm
228.58
891.25
9.3 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm36.52 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm35.80 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.5 Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa330.00 MPa
2.5
11000
10.7 Viscosity
10.8 Vapor Pressure
10.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.8.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
10.9 Elasticity properties
10.9.1 Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.1.2 Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa91.10 GPa
1.6
462
11.1.5 Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa88.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.3 Poisson Ratio
11.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.4 Permeability
13.1.1 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m421.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.6.1 Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol41.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.27 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K25.36 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.3 Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K22.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.4 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)5.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol581.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.7.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol20.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.7.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol598.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.8 Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K39.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1