1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406117440304
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Major mining countries of Uranium include Russia, Australia, Namibia, Canada and Niger and total 33% Uranium are mine in Kazakhstan.
- Thulium metal can resist corrosion due to dry air .
- Only Tm-169 isotope of Thulium metal occur naturally.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Per Teodor Cleve
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-8 %1 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main use of this metal include nuclear fuel which is used to generate electricity yin nuclear power stations.
-
Synthetic elements like transuranium are made from Uranium metal.
- Thulium metal produces isotopes that emits X-rays. This isotope is used in X-ray machine.
-
Thulium element is also used in Surgical equipment like laser.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Jewellery, Nuclear Reactor's Fuel, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
3.2.4 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,132.00 °C1,545.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,818.00 °C1,730.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Gray
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
2,350.00 MPa471.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,960.00 MPa520.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
597.60 kJ/mol596.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,420.00 kJ/mol1,160.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,900.00 kJ/mol2,285.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,145.00 kJ/mol4,120.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
5.5.7 7th Energy level
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.48 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
156.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
196.00 pm160.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
6.6 Atomic Weight
238.03 amu168.93 amu
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
12.59 cm3/mol18.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)49.70 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm353.75 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.10 g/cm39.32 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.30 g/cm38.56 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
111.00 GPa30.50 GPa
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa44.50 GPa
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
208.00 GPa74.00 GPa
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
8.1.4 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.28 nΩ·m676.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)0.16 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.67 J/mol·K27.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
27.50 W/m·K16.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
13.90 µm/(m·K)13.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
477.00 kJ/mol191.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol16.80 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
489.50 kJ/mol247.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K74.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1