1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74406447440359
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
- Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
- Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.1 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
- Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
-
In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.4 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C994.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C2,607.00 °C
147
5660
5.4 Appearance
5.4.1 Physical State
5.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
5.4.3 Luster
5.5 Hardness
5.5.1 Mohs Hardness
5.6.1 Brinell Hardness
5.8.1 Vickers Hardness
5.10 Speed of Sound
5.13 Optical Properties
5.13.1 Refractive Index
6.1.2 Reflectivity
6.2 Allotropes
6.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.6.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.6.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.8 Electropositivity
7.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
7.9 Ionization Energies
7.9.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol578.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
7.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,158.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.9.4 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,132.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.10.1 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,493.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.1.2 5th Energy Level
8.1.5 6th Energy Level
8.1.7 7th Energy level
8.2.3 8th Energy Level
8.2.5 9th Energy Level
8.2.6 10th Energy Level
8.2.8 11th Energy Level
9.1.1 12th Energy Level
9.2.1 13th Energy Level
9.2.2 14th Energy Level
9.3.1 15th Energy Level
9.4.1 16th Energy Level
9.5.1 17th Energy Level
9.5.2 18th Energy Level
9.6.2 19th Energy Level
9.6.4 20th Energy Level
9.6.5 21st Energy Level
9.6.7 22nd Energy Level
9.6.8 23rd Energy Level
9.7.1 24th Energy Level
9.7.2 25th Energy Level
9.7.3 26th Energy Level
9.7.4 27th Energy Level
9.7.5 28th Energy Level
9.7.6 29th Energy Level
9.7.7 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr3.02 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Rn] 5f7 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm173.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm180.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pm244.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu243.00 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/mol17.86 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)44.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm346.81 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm312.00 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·m0.69 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)0.11 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K62.70 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/mol14.39 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol268.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1