Zirconium

Fermium

Zirconium vs Fermium

Zirconium

Fermium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

4NA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

Actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74406777440724

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Not Available

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00NA

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
Fermium is synthetically produced metal.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1789

In 1952

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10^-6 %NA

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000004 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %NA

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %NA

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %NA

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %NA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.

Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.

Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.10 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,852.00 °C1,527.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,377.00 °CNA

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

Unknown

4.3.3 Luster

Lustrous

Not Defined

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

5.00NA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

638.00 MPaNA

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

820.00 MPaNA

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

3,800.00 m/sNA

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

2418

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.331.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.90NA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.221.20

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.32NA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.672.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

640.10 kJ/mol627.00 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,270.00 kJ/mol1,225.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,218.00 kJ/mol2,363.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,313.00 kJ/mol3,792.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

7,752.00 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

9,500.00 kJ/molNA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.85 g/amp-hr3.20 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.05 eVNA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

40100

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

[Rn] 5f¹² 7s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Not Known

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

40100

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

51157

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

40100

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

160.00 pmNA

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

175.00 pmNA

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm245.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

91.22 amu257.00 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

14.10 cm3/molNA

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

80.00 (-eV)NA

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

323.20 pmNA

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.59NA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.52 g/cm³NA

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

5.80 g/cm3NA

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

330.00 MPaNA

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

33.00 GPaNA

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

91.10 GPaNA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

88.00 GPaNA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.34NA

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.51NA

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

Unknown

8.2.2 Resistivity

421.00 nΩ·mNA

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 10⁶/cm ΩNA

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

41.10 kJ/molNA

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.27 J/(kg K)NA

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.36 J/mol·KNA

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

22.60 W/m·KNA

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

5.70 µm/(m·K)NA

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

581.60 kJ/molNA

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

20.90 kJ/molNA

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

598.00 kJ/molNA

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

39.00 J/mol.KNA

9.5 198.1

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