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Zirconium
Zirconium

Lutetium
Lutetium



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Zirconium
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Lutetium

Zirconium vs Lutetium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Zr
Lu
1.2 Group Number
4NA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74406777439943
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  • Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
  • Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1789
In 1906
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %1 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.11 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  • Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
NA
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.5 In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,852.00 °C1,652.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C3,402.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa893.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.6 Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPa1,160.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Zr
Lu
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2435
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.331.27
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.90NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.221.14
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.5.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
6.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.32NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.672.73
Gold
1.46 3.3
6.6 Ionization Energies
6.6.1 1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol523.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
6.6.3 2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol1,340.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
6.6.4 3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol2,022.30 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
6.6.6 4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol4,370.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
6.7.2 5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol6,445.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
6.7.4 6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
6.7.6 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
6.8.1 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
6.9.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
6.9.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
6.11.1 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
6.12.1 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
6.14.1 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
7.1.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
7.1.4 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
7.2.1 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
7.3.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
7.4.2 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
7.4.3 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
7.4.5 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
7.5.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
7.5.3 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
7.5.5 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
7.5.6 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
7.5.8 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
7.6.1 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
7.6.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
8.1.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
8.1.5 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
8.1.6 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
8.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr2.18 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
8.4 Electron Work Function
4.05 eV3.30 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
8.5 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
4071
Lithium
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
4071
Lithium
3 117
10.1.1 Number of Neutrons
51104
Lithium
4 184
10.2.1 Number of Electrons
4071
Lithium
3 117
10.4 Radius of an Atom
10.4.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm174.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.5.1 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm187.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm221.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.7 Atomic Weight
91.22 amu174.97 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.9 Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol17.78 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.10.1 Previous Element
10.10.2 Next Element
10.11 Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)50.90 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.12 Lattice Constant
323.20 pm350.31 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
10.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.591.59
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm39.84 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm39.30 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
11.2 Tensile Strength
330.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
11.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)3.18 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa27.20 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa47.60 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa68.60 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
0.340.26
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.519.84
Lithium
0.53 4500
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
12.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
12.2.2 Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m582.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K26.86 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K16.40 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
13.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
13.5 Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol355.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol18.70 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol398.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K51.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1