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Zirconium
Zirconium

Potassium
Potassium



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Zirconium
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Potassium

Zirconium vs Potassium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Zr
K
1.2 Group Number
41
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
54
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74406777440097
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Zirconium metal can resist to weak acids.
  • Zirconium metal reacts with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere.
  • In the list of most abundant element Potassium is ranked 7th.
  • Potassium can easily be sliced (chopped) down using knife.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth
Humphry Davy
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1789
In 1807
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-6 %3 * 10-4 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %~0.0004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.07 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %1.50 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.04 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.20 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • As this metal does not absorb neutrons; It is used in nuclear power stations.
  • Its oxide is used in ultra strong ceramics. It is also used in manufacturing Crucibles.
  • Potassium’s compounds are in high demand for their application in Fertilizer manufacturing.
  • Potassium carbonate is used in glass manufacturing and Potassium carbonate in manufacturing detergent and body wash.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
NA
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-31,620.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.10 p.p.m.2,100.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,852.00 °C63.65 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,377.00 °C774.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.000.40
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
638.00 MPa0.36 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
820.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,800.00 m/s2,000.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Zr
K
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
2420
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.330.82
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.900.45
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.220.91
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.73
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.320.73
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.673.18
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
640.10 kJ/mol418.80 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,270.00 kJ/mol3,052.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,218.00 kJ/mol4,420.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,313.00 kJ/mol5,877.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,752.00 kJ/mol7,975.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,500.00 kJ/mol9,590.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA11,343.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA14,944.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA16,963.70 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA48,610.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA54,490.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA60,730.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA68,950.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA75,900.00 kJ/mol
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA83,080.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA99,710.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.85 g/amp-hr1.46 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.05 eV2.30 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
4019
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
[Ar] 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
4019
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5120
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
4019
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
160.00 pm227.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
175.00 pm203.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm275.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
91.22 amu39.10 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
14.10 cm3/mol45.46 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
80.00 (-eV)10.40 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
323.20 pm532.80 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.52 g/cm30.86 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.80 g/cm30.83 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
330.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa1.30 GPa
Palladium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
91.10 GPa3.10 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
88.00 GPa3.53 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.34NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.510.86
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
421.00 nΩ·m72.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
41.10 kJ/mol48.40 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.27 J/(kg K)0.75 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.36 J/mol·K29.60 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
22.60 W/m·K102.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA2,223.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
5.70 µm/(m·K)83.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
581.60 kJ/mol77.50 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
20.90 kJ/mol2.32 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
598.00 kJ/mol89.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
39.00 J/mol.K64.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1