Holmium

Gadolinium

Holmium mungsuh Gadolinium

Holmium

Gadolinium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

ora Sumadhiya0

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.6 Block

pemblokiran f

1.7 Family unsur

lanthanide

1.8 CAS Number

74406007440542

7429905 54386242

2.2 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

2.3 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

3 facts

3.1 Facts Interesting

metal Holmium sanget alus lan malleable.
metal Holmium uga dikenal kanggo resistivity sawijining karat.

Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.

3.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

3.3 History

3.3.1 sing katutup

Marc Delafontaine

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

3.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1878

ing taun 1880

3.4 turah mbrawah

3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

5 * 10^-8 %2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000002 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.5.3 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.6.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.6.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

4 ulah

4.1 Ulah lan Wuku

metal Holmium duwe kemampuan kanggo nresep neutron, supaya logam iki digunakake ing reaktor nuklir kanggo njaga reaksi berantai saka unsur ing kontrol.
Wesi saka Holmium digunakake kanggo gawé Magnet.

wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).

4.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

4.1.2 Ulah Medical

4.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Nuclear Riset

wesi

4.2 Properties biologi

4.2.1 keracunan

Low Toxic

non Toxic

4.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

4.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 1970

4.5.1 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

5 fisik

5.1 leleh Point

1,461.00 ° C1,311.00 ° C

27 3410

6.2 Boiling Point

2,600.00 ° C3,233.00 ° C

147 5660

6.4 katon

6.4.1 State fisik

Solid

6.4.2 warna

perak Putih

6.4.3 luster

metallic

6.5 atose

6.5.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

6.7.2 Brinell atose

746.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

6.7.4 Vickers atose

481.00 MPa510.00 MPa

121 3430

6.9 Kacepetan swara

2,760.00 m / s2,680.00 m / s

818 16200

6.10 Properties Optical

6.10.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

6.10.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

6.12 allotropes

Ora

6.12.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

6.12.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

6.12.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

7 Kimia

7.1 Formula Kimia

7.2 isotop

7.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3426

0 38

8.2 keelektronegatifan

8.2.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.231.20

0.7 2.54

8.3.3 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

8.3.5 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.101.11

0.86 1.82

8.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

8.3.8 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

9.3 Electropositivity

9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.772.80

1.46 3.3

9.5 tenogo ionisasi

9.5.1 Level Energy 1st

581.00 kJ / mol593.40 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

9.6.1 Level Energy 2

1,140.00 kJ / mol1,170.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

9.7.1 Level Energy 3rd

2,204.00 kJ / mol1,990.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

9.8.2 Level Energy 4

4,100.00 kJ / mol4,250.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

9.8.4 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

9.8.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

9.8.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

9.9.1 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

9.9.2 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

9.9.3 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

9.9.4 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

9.9.5 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

9.9.6 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

9.9.7 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

9.9.8 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

9.9.9 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

9.9.10 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

9.9.11 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

9.9.12 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

9.9.13 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

9.9.14 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

9.9.15 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

9.9.16 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

9.9.17 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

9.9.18 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

9.9.19 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

9.9.20 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

9.9.21 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

9.9.22 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

9.9.23 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

9.10 padha karo elektrokimia

2.02 g / amp-day1.96 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

9.11 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya3.10 eV

2.14 5.65

9.12 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

10 atom

10.1 Panggil atom

6764

3 117

10.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ¹¹ 6s ²

[Xe] 4F ⁷ 5d ¹ 6s ²

10.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

10.3.1 Crystal pola

10.4 atom

10.4.1 Jumlah proton

6764

3 117

10.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

9893

4 184

10.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

6764

3 117

10.5 Radius saka Atom

10.5.1 Radius atom

176.00 pm180.00 pm

112 265

10.5.2 kovalen Radius

192.00 pm196.00 pm

96 260

10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

216.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

10.6 Bobot atom

164.93 Amu47.87 Amu

6.94 294

10.7 Volume atom

18.70 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

10.8 Nomer atom jejer

10.8.1 unsur Previous

10.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

10.9 Potensi Valence Electron

47.90 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

10.10 Constant pola

357.73 pm363.60 pm

228.58 891.25

10.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

10.12 Pola C / A rasio

1.571.59

1.567 1.886

11 Teknik

11.1 Kapadhetan

11.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.79 g / cm ³7.90 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

11.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

8.34 g / cm37.40 g / cm3

0.512 20

11.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

11.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

11.4 meksa beluk

11.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

11.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya7.39 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

11.5 situs kelenturan

11.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

26.30 GPA21.80 GPA

1.3 222

11.5.2 pengaturan akeh

40.20 GPA37.90 GPA

1.6 462

11.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

64.80 GPA54.80 GPA

1.7 528

11.6 Poisson rasio

0.230.26

0.032 0.47

11.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable, Sectile

ductile, malleable

12 Magnetic

12.1 Ciri Magnetic

12.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.807.90

0.53 4500

12.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Ferromagnetic

12.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

12.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

12.2 Properties Listrik

12.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

12.2.2 resistivity

814.00 nΩ · m1.31 nΩ · m

0.18 961

12.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.2.4 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / mol50.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

13 termal

13.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.16 J / (kg K)0.23 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

13.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

27.15 J / mol · K37.03 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

13.3 doyo termal

16.20 W / m · K10.60 W / m · K

6.3 429

13.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

13.5 Expansion termal

11.20 μm / (m · K)9.40 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

13.6 enthalpy

13.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

241.00 kJ / mol359.40 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

1.1.1 Enthalpy saka Fusion

11.76 kJ / mol10.05 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

1.4.2 Enthalpy saka atomization

301.00 kJ / mol352.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

1.5 Standard molar Entropy

75.30 J / mol.K68.10 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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