Aluminium

thorium

mbandhingaké Aluminium lan thorium

Aluminium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

130

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74299057440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Character length exceed error

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Miturut Process electrolysis, bumi lemah ndhuwur, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Hans Christian Oersted

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1825

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

5 * 10^-3 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.006 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.91 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

8.10 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Aluminium digunakake ing macem-macem produk; contone, komplong, foils, utensils pawon, pigura jendhela, kegs bir lan bagean bidang aero, onderdil mobil, etc.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Industry Pharmaceutical, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.39 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

27.00 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

660.37 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,467.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Gray

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

2.753.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

160.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

160.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

5,000.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

71.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1128

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.611.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.71ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.471.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.83ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.61ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.392.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

577.50 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,816.70 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,744.80 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

11,577.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

14,842.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

18,379.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

23,326.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

27,465.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

31,853.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

38,473.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

42,647.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.34 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.28 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

1390

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ne] 3s ² 3P ¹

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

1390

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

14142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

1390

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

143.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

121.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

184.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

26.98 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.00 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

80.70 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

404.95 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

2.70 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

2.38 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

40.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

26.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

76.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

70.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.350.27

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

2.7211.70

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

0.00 H / mora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

0.00ora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

8.2.2 resistivity

28.20 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.38 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

42.50 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.90 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.20 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

237.00 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

23.10 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

293.70 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

10.67 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

322.20 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

28.30 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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