Gadolinium

Hafnium

mbandhingaké Gadolinium lan Hafnium

Gadolinium

Hafnium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

2.5 Panggil periode

2 7

2.9 Block

pemblokiran f

d block

2.11 Family unsur

lanthanide

transisi Metal

2.12 CAS Number

74405427440586

7429905 54386242

2.15 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

2.16 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

4 facts

4.1 Facts Interesting

Gadolinium ora ketemu gratis ing alam, Empu iku ora logam native.
metal Gadolinium ditemokaké ing mineral Monazite lan bastnaesite.

Hafnium logam reaktif, Empu ora ketemu gratis ing alam.
metal Hafnium minangka predicated sawise Mendeleev rampung tabel périodik kang.

4.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining

Miturut-produk Nyaring panggolekan Zirconium

4.3 History

4.3.1 sing katutup

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy

4.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1880

ing taun 1922

4.4 turah mbrawah

4.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %7 * 10^-8 %

5E-09 0.11

5.2.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000002 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

5.2.7 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

6.1.1 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

6.2.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

7.1.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

8 ulah

8.1 Ulah lan Wuku

wesi uga digunakake ing nggawe Magnets, komponen elektronik lan piranti panyimpenan data.
Senyawa saka logam Gadolinium digunakake ing magnetik résonansi (MRI).

Character length exceed error

8.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry amunisi

8.1.2 Ulah Medical

8.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear, Nuclear Riset, tujuan Research

8.2 Properties biologi

8.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

Toxic

8.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

8.2.4 Sang

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 1970

9.1.1 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 170000

10 fisik

10.1 leleh Point

1,311.00 ° C2,150.00 ° C

27 3410

10.5 Boiling Point

3,233.00 ° C5,400.00 ° C

147 5660

11.3 katon

11.3.1 State fisik

Solid

11.3.2 warna

perak Putih

Gray

11.3.3 luster

metallic

11.4 atose

11.4.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiya5.50

0.2 8.5

11.5.4 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiya1,450.00 MPa

0.14 3490

11.6.2 Vickers atose

510.00 MPa1,520.00 MPa

121 3430

11.9 Kacepetan swara

2,680.00 m / s3,010.00 m / s

818 16200

12.5 Properties Optical

12.5.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

12.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

12.7 allotropes

Ora

12.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

12.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

12.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

13 Kimia

13.1 Formula Kimia

13.2 isotop

13.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2632

0 38

13.3 keelektronegatifan

13.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.201.30

0.7 2.54

13.3.4 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

13.4.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.111.23

0.86 1.82

13.5.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

13.5.6 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiya1.16

0.659 2.7

13.6 Electropositivity

13.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.802.70

1.46 3.3

13.7 tenogo ionisasi

13.7.1 Level Energy 1st

593.40 kJ / mol658.50 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

13.7.4 Level Energy 2

1,170.00 kJ / mol1,440.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

13.7.7 Level Energy 3rd

1,990.00 kJ / mol2,250.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

13.7.10 Level Energy 4

4,250.00 kJ / mol3,216.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

13.7.14 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

13.7.18 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

13.7.21 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

13.7.24 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

13.7.28 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

13.7.30 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

13.7.35 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

13.7.39 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

13.7.44 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

13.8.1 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

13.9.1 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

14.1.1 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

14.1.4 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

14.4.3 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

14.4.7 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

14.5.1 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

14.6.1 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

15.1.1 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

15.4.2 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

15.4.5 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

15.5.2 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

15.7.1 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

15.7.3 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

15.10.1 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

15.14.1 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

15.15.1 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

16.2 padha karo elektrokimia

1.96 g / amp-day1.66 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

17.3 Fungsi Work elektron

3.10 eV3.90 eV

2.14 5.65

17.9 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, kebakar, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

18 atom

18.1 Panggil atom

6472

3 117

18.4 Konfigurasi elektron

[Xe] 4F ⁷ 5d ¹ 6s ²

[Xe] 4F ¹⁴ 5d ² 6s ²

18.5 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

18.5.1 Crystal pola

18.6 atom

18.6.1 Jumlah proton

6472

3 117

18.8.1 Jumlah Neutron

93106

4 184

20.1.8 Jumlah Èlèktron

6472

3 117

20.4 Radius saka Atom

20.4.1 Radius atom

180.00 pm159.00 pm

112 265

21.1.1 kovalen Radius

196.00 pm175.00 pm

96 260

22.4.1 Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pm200.00 pm

139 348

22.8 Bobot atom

47.87 Amu178.49 Amu

6.94 294

22.13 Volume atom

19.90 cm3 / mol13.60 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

22.14 Nomer atom jejer

22.14.1 unsur Previous

22.14.2 Sabanjure unsur

22.15 Potensi Valence Electron

46.10 (-eV)81.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

22.16 Constant pola

363.60 pm319.64 pm

228.58 891.25

22.19 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

22.20 Pola C / A rasio

1.591.58

1.567 1.886

23 Teknik

23.1 Kapadhetan

23.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

7.90 g / cm ³13.31 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

23.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

7.40 g / cm312.00 g / cm3

0.512 20

23.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiya445.00 MPa

2.5 11000

23.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

23.4 meksa beluk

23.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

23.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

7.39 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

23.5 situs kelenturan

23.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

21.80 GPA30.00 GPA

1.3 222

23.5.2 pengaturan akeh

37.90 GPA110.00 GPA

1.6 462

23.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

54.80 GPA78.00 GPA

1.7 528

23.6 Poisson rasio

0.260.37

0.032 0.47

23.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

24 Magnetic

24.1 Ciri Magnetic

24.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

7.9013.31

0.53 4500

24.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

Ferromagnetic

paramagnetic

24.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

24.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

24.2 Properties Listrik

24.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

24.2.2 resistivity

1.31 nΩ · m331.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

24.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.03 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

24.2.4 elektron Affinity

50.00 kJ / mol0.00 kJ / mol

0 222.8

25 termal

25.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.23 J / (kg K)0.14 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

25.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

37.03 J / mol · K25.73 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

25.3 doyo termal

10.60 W / m · K23.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

25.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

25.5 Expansion termal

9.40 μm / (m · K)5.90 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

25.6 enthalpy

25.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

359.40 kJ / mol661.10 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

25.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

10.05 kJ / mol25.10 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

25.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

352.00 kJ / mol703.00 kJ / mol

61.5 837

25.7 Standard molar Entropy

68.10 J / mol.K43.60 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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