Indium

thorium

mbandhingaké Indium lan thorium

Indium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

130

0 17

2.2 Panggil periode

2 7

2.5 Block

p pemblokiran

pemblokiran f

2.6 Family unsur

Transisi Post-

actinide

2.7 CAS Number

74407467440326

7429905 54386242

2.10 Jeneng papan Group

I4 / mmm

P63 / mmc

2.11 Space Group Number

139.00194.00

11 229

3 facts

3.1 Facts Interesting

Luster saka Indium iku padhang ing alam.
Reich lan sugih padha looking for thallium ing logam seng lan lajeng manggihaken Indium logam.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

3.2 sumber

Mining, Ores logam

Found in Minerals, Mining

3.3 History

3.3.1 sing katutup

Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

3.3.3 Discovery

ing taun 1863

ing 1829

3.4 turah mbrawah

3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

3 * 10^-8 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

3.6.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

4.1.2 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

4.1.7 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

4.2.4 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

5.1.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

6 ulah

6.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Kang digunakake kanggo gawé indium timah oxide (Ito), kang digunakake ing Manufaktur layar tutul, warata layar TV lan solar.

nitride sawijining, phosphide lan antimonide digunakake ing transistor lan microchips.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

6.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

6.1.2 Ulah Medical

Medical Research

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

6.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Ing Reactors Nuclear

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

6.2 Properties biologi

6.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

6.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

6.2.3 Sang

ora Sumadhiya0.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

6.4.1 ing Bone

ora Sumadhiya0.02 ppm

0 170000

7 fisik

7.1 leleh Point

156.61 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

7.3 Boiling Point

2,000.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

7.4 katon

7.4.1 State fisik

Solid

7.4.2 warna

perak Gray

Silver

7.4.3 luster

lustrous

7.5 atose

7.5.1 Mohs atose

1.203.00

0.2 8.5

7.5.2 Brinell atose

8.80 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

7.5.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa

121 3430

7.6 Kacepetan swara

1,215.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

7.7 Properties Optical

7.7.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

7.7.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

7.8 allotropes

Ora

7.8.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

7.8.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

7.8.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

8 Kimia

8.1 Formula Kimia

8.2 isotop

8.2.1 Isotop dikenal

3528

0 38

8.3 keelektronegatifan

8.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.781.30

0.7 2.54

8.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.14ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

8.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.491.11

0.86 1.82

8.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.76ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

8.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.66ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

8.4 Electropositivity

8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.222.70

1.46 3.3

8.5 tenogo ionisasi

8.5.1 Level Energy 1st

558.30 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

8.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,820.70 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

8.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,704.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

8.5.4 Level Energy 4

5,210.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

8.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

8.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

8.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

8.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

8.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

8.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

8.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

8.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

8.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

8.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

8.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

8.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

8.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

8.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

8.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

8.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

8.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

8.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

8.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

8.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

8.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

8.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

8.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

8.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

8.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

8.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

8.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.43 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

8.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.12 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

8.8 Properties Kimia liyane

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif, kelarutan

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

9 atom

9.1 Panggil atom

4990

3 117

9.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 4d ¹⁰ 5S ² 5p ¹

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

9.3 Struktur Crystal

Tetragonal (TETR)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

9.3.1 Crystal pola

9.4 atom

9.4.1 Jumlah proton

4990

3 117

9.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

66142

4 184

9.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

4990

3 117

9.5 Radius saka Atom

9.5.1 Radius atom

167.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

9.5.2 kovalen Radius

142.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

193.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

9.6 Bobot atom

114.82 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

9.7 Volume atom

15.70 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

9.8 Nomer atom jejer

9.8.1 unsur Previous

9.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

9.9 Potensi Valence Electron

54.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.10 Constant pola

325.23 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

9.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

9.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

10 Teknik

10.1 Kapadhetan

10.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

7.31 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

10.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

7.02 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

10.2 Strength tensile

2.50 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

10.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

10.4 meksa beluk

10.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.01 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

10.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

10.5 situs kelenturan

10.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

ora Sumadhiya31.00 GPA

1.3 222

10.5.2 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya54.00 GPA

1.6 462

10.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

11.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

10.6 Poisson rasio

ora Sumadhiya0.27

0.032 0.47

10.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

11 Magnetic

11.1 Ciri Magnetic

11.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

7.3111.70

0.53 4500

11.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

11.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

11.2 Properties Listrik

11.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

11.2.2 resistivity

83.70 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

11.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.12 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

11.2.4 elektron Affinity

28.90 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

12 termal

12.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.23 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

12.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.74 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

12.3 doyo termal

81.80 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

12.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

12.5 Expansion termal

32.10 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

12.6 enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

226.40 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

12.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

3.28 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

12.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

242.70 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

12.7 Standard molar Entropy

57.80 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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