1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
p pemblokiran
pemblokiran f
1.5 Family unsur
Transisi mbokmenawa Post-
actinide
1.6 CAS Number
540856427440326
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
ora Sumadhiya194.00
11
229
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
ora Cepak
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
2.2 sumber
sintetik Diprodhuksi
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
ora Sumadhiya3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~-9999 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
ora Sumadhiya0.05 %
1.7E-07
22
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
ora Sumadhiya0.66 %
9.9E-12
8.1
1.2.9 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
ora Sumadhiya0.00 %
2E-23
1.1
1.2.14 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1E-13
1.4
2 ulah
2.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam Ununpentium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
2.1.1 Ulah Industrial
NA
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
2.1.2 Ulah Medical
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
2.1.3 Ulah liyane
tujuan Research
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
2.2 Properties biologi
2.2.1 keracunan
2.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
2.2.3 Sang
ora Sumadhiya0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
2.2.7 ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya0.02 ppm
0
170000
3 fisik
3.1 leleh Point
400.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C
27
3410
1.3 Boiling Point
1,100.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C
147
5660
2.4 katon
2.4.1 State fisik
2.4.2 warna
2.4.3 luster
2.5 atose
2.5.1 Mohs atose
ora Sumadhiya3.00
0.2
8.5
2.8.2 Brinell atose
ora Sumadhiya390.00 MPa
0.14
3490
2.8.4 Vickers atose
ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa
121
3430
2.10 Kacepetan swara
ora Sumadhiya2,490.00 m / s
818
16200
2.11 Properties Optical
2.11.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
2.12.1 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58
97
2.13 allotropes
2.13.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
2.13.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
2.13.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
3 Kimia
3.1 Formula Kimia
3.2 isotop
3.2.1 Isotop dikenal
3.4 keelektronegatifan
3.4.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.30
0.7
2.54
3.7.1 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.22
2.56
1.3.1 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.11
0.86
1.82
2.2.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
2.5.1 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.659
2.7
2.10 Electropositivity
2.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
ora Sumadhiya2.70
1.46
3.3
1.6 tenogo ionisasi
1.6.1 Level Energy 1st
538.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
1.6.4 Level Energy 2
1,756.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
1.7.2 Level Energy 3rd
2,653.30 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
1.7.6 Level Energy 4
4,679.50 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
1.7.9 Level Energy 5th
5,721.60 kJ / molora Sumadhiya
4305.2
97510
1.7.11 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
5715.8
105800
1.1.1 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
7226.8
114300
2.2.3 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
8857.4
125300
2.3.2 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
14110
134700
2.5.3 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
17100
144300
2.6.2 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
19900
169988
2.7.3 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
22219
189368
2.7.5 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26930
76015
3.1.2 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
29196
86450
3.5.1 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
41987
97510
3.6.1 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
47206
109480
3.7.4 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
52737
122200
3.8.1 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
58570
134810
3.8.2 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
64702
148700
3.8.3 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
80400
171200
3.8.4 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
87000
179100
3.8.5 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
1.1.2 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
1.2.1 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
1.2.1 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
1.3.1 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
1.4.1 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
1.5.2 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
1.11.2 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
1.11.3 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
1.12 padha karo elektrokimia
ora Sumadhiya2.16 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
1.6 Fungsi Work elektron
ora Sumadhiya3.41 eV
2.14
5.65
1.8 Properties Kimia liyane
Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
2 atom
2.1 Panggil atom
2.3 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 5F 14 6D 10 7s 2 7p 3
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
2.4 Struktur Crystal
ora Lake
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
2.4.1 Crystal pola
2.5 atom
2.5.1 Jumlah proton
2.6.4 Jumlah Neutron
2.6.5 Jumlah Èlèktron
2.7 Radius saka Atom
2.7.1 Radius atom
ora Sumadhiya179.80 pm
112
265
2.7.2 kovalen Radius
ora Sumadhiya206.00 pm
96
260
2.7.3 Van der Waals Radius
ora Sumadhiya237.00 pm
139
348
2.8 Bobot atom
289.00 Amu232.04 Amu
6.94
294
2.9 Volume atom
ora Sumadhiya19.90 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
2.10 Nomer atom jejer
2.10.1 unsur Previous
2.10.2 Sabanjure unsur
2.11 Potensi Valence Electron
ora Sumadhiya59.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.12 Constant pola
ora Sumadhiya508.42 pm
228.58
891.25
2.13 pola Angles
2.14 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
3 Teknik
3.1 Kapadhetan
3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
4.51 g / cm 311.72 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
3.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.512
20
3.2 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
1.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
1.10 meksa beluk
1.10.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.47E-11
121
1.10.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
1.11 situs kelenturan
1.11.1 nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya31.00 GPA
1.3
222
1.2.2 pengaturan akeh
ora Sumadhiya54.00 GPA
1.6
462
1.5.5 Young kang pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya79.00 GPA
1.7
528
1.6 Poisson rasio
ora Sumadhiya0.27
0.032
0.47
1.3 Properties Teknik liyane
2 Magnetic
2.1 Ciri Magnetic
2.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
ora Sumadhiya11.70
0.53
4500
2.2.7 Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
paramagnetic
2.2.8 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
2.2.10 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
2.5 Properties Listrik
2.5.1 Property Listrik
2.5.2 resistivity
ora Sumadhiya157.00 nΩ · m
0.18
961
2.5.19 konduktivitas listrik
ora Sumadhiya0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.5.24 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0
222.8
3 termal
3.1 Kalor tartamtu
ora Sumadhiya0.12 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
3.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
ora Sumadhiya26.23 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
3.3 doyo termal
ora Sumadhiya54.00 W / m · K
6.3
429
1.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
1.6 Expansion termal
ora Sumadhiya11.00 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
1.12 enthalpy
1.12.1 Enthalpy panguapan
ora Sumadhiya429.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
2.7.4 Enthalpy saka Fusion
ora Sumadhiya15.48 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
2.11.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
ora Sumadhiya468.60 kJ / mol
61.5
837
3.3 Standard molar Entropy
ora Sumadhiya27.30 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1