Nickel

thorium

mbandhingaké Nickel lan thorium

Nickel

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

100

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74400207440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

Fm_ 3M

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
Sawise wesi, Seng logam kaloro paling akeh ing kerak bumi.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1751

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

6 * 10^-3 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.008 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

1.30 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.01 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Wis resistance karat lan Empu iku digunakake kanggo piring logam.
wesi banget migunani; alloy Nichrome digunakake ing kumparan panas saka toasters lan open listrik.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry automobile, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.05 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.70 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,453.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,732.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

4.003.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

667.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

638.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

4,900.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

72.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2528

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.911.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.94ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.751.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.88ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.092.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

737.10 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,753.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

3,395.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

5,300.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

7,339.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

10,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

15,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

18,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

21,670.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

30,970.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

34,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

37,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

41,500.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

44,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

48,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

55,101.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

58,570.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

148,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

159,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

169,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

182,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

194,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

1.10 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

5.15 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

2890

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ⁸ 4s ² Utawa [Ar] 3d ⁹ 4s ¹

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

2890

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

31142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

2890

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

124.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

124.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

163.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

58.69 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

6.59 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

42.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

352.40 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.91 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

7.81 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

345.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

19.50 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

76.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

180.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

200.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.310.27

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.9011.70

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

Ferromagnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

0.00 H / mora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

600.00ora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

8.2.2 resistivity

69.30 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.14 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

112.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.44 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.07 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

90.90 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

13.40 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

371.80 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

17.57 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

422.60 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

29.90 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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