Niobium

thorium

mbandhingaké Niobium lan thorium

Niobium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74400317440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

3M Im_

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

metal Niobium iki digunakake kanggo njaluk disebut Columbium ing past.
metal Niobium ketemu ing alam bebas (turah mbrawah).

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

Miturut-produk saka Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Charles Hatchett

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

ing taun 1801

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

2 * 10^-7 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0000004 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.00 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.00 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Character length exceed error

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Low Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

0.01 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.07 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

2,468.00 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,468.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Gray

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

6.003.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

735.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

870.00 MPa295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,480.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

1728

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.601.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.42ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.231.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.41ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.402.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

652.10 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,380.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,416.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

3,700.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

4,877.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

9,847.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

0.69 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

4.30 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

4190

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Kr] 4d ⁴ 5S ¹

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

4190

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

52142

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

4190

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

146.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

164.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

92.91 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

10.87 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

104.00 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

330.04 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

8.57 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

330.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

38.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

170.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

105.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.400.27

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

8.5711.70

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

8.2.2 resistivity

152.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

86.10 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.26 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

24.60 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

53.70 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

7.30 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

696.60 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

27.20 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

745.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

36.40 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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