mbandhingaké Panerapan lan Bismuth
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Ga
Bi
Panggil Group
13
5
15
3
Panggil periode
4
6
Block
p pemblokiran
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
Transisi Post-
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440699
22
Jeneng papan Group
Cmca
C12 / m1
Space Group Number
64.00
9
12.00
12
facts
Facts Interesting
- A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
- Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.
- metal Bismuth larut lan apa sing ditanggepi karo asam nitrat klempakan.
- Iku oksida digunakake minangka pigmen kuning ing Paint. Bismuth klorida oxide BiClO menehi susunan pearly kanggo Kosmetik.
sumber
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Claude François Geoffroy
Discovery
ing taun 1875
ing taun 1753
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
7 * 10-8 %
25
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.000006 %
14
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.00 %
16
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
99+
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
24
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.
- Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.
- Tin lan wesi bismuth duwe titik leleh banget kurang lan Empu kang digunakake ing layang geni lan geni extinguishers. Uga digunakake ing solders elektrik lan nyawijikaké.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Industry Pharmaceutical
Ulah liyane
wesi
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Low Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.08 Sang / mg dm-3
13
0.02 Sang / mg dm-3
20
ing Bone
ora Sumadhiya
0.20 ppm
22
fisik Properties
leleh Point
29.78 ° C
99+
271.30 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 ° C
99+
1,560.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
perak Putih
Silver
luster
metallic
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
1.50
18
2.25
15
Brinell atose
56.80 MPa
99+
70.00 MPa
99+
Kacepetan swara
2,740.00 m / s
31
1,790.00 m / s
99+
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Ga
Bi
isotop
Isotop dikenal
24
15
33
6
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.81
15
2.02
6
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
2.42
2
2.34
3
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.82
1
1.67
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
2.01
5
2.15
4
Allen Elektronegativitas
1.76
14
2.01
4
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
1.98
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
578.80 kJ / mol
99+
703.00 kJ / mol
35
Level Energy 2
1,979.30 kJ / mol
13
1,610.00 kJ / mol
33
Level Energy 3rd
2,963.00 kJ / mol
28
2,466.00 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 4
6,180.00 kJ / mol
8
4,370.00 kJ / mol
28
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
5,400.00 kJ / mol
30
Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya
8,520.00 kJ / mol
19
padha karo elektrokimia
0.87 g / amp-day
99+
2.60 g / amp-day
19
Fungsi Work elektron
4.20 eV
23
4.22 eV
22
Properties Kimia liyane
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan
atom Properties
Panggil atom
31
99+
83
33
Konfigurasi elektron
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 3
Struktur Crystal
Orthorhombic (Orth)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal pola
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
31
99+
83
33
Jumlah Neutron
39
99+
126
18
Jumlah Èlèktron
31
99+
83
33
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
135.00 pm
99+
156.00 pm
29
kovalen Radius
122.00 pm
99+
148.00 pm
36
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
207.00 pm
26
Bobot atom
69.72 Amu
99+
208.98 Amu
29
Volume atom
11.80 cm3 / mol
99+
21.30 cm3 / mol
14
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
69.70 (-eV)
19
41.90 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
451.97 pm
18
667.40 pm
2
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
5.91 g / cm 3
99+
9.78 g / cm 3
39
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
6.10 g / cm3
99+
10.05 g / cm3
18
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
ora Sumadhiya
12.00 GPA
99+
pengaturan akeh
ora Sumadhiya
31.00 GPA
38
Young kang pengaturan
9.80 GPA
99+
32.00 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.47
1
0.33
11
Properties Teknik liyane
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
5.91
99+
9.79
30
Nindakake Magnetic
diamagnetic
diamagnetic
permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 H / m
6
kelemahan
ora Sumadhiya
0.00
6
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
resistivity
270.00 nΩ · m
15
1.29 nΩ · m
99+
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
29
0.01 10 6 / cm Ω
99+
elektron Affinity
28.90 kJ / mol
31
91.20 kJ / mol
11
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.37 J / (kg K)
16
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
Graham Kapasitas kalor
25.86 J / mol · K
35
25.52 J / mol · K
37
doyo termal
40.60 W / m · K
34
7.97 W / m · K
99+
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
18.00 μm / (m · K)
24
13.40 μm / (m · K)
28
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
256.10 kJ / mol
36
151.00 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
5.59 kJ / mol
99+
10.90 kJ / mol
33
Enthalpy saka atomization
276.10 kJ / mol
39
207.10 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
40.80 J / mol.K
38
56.70 J / mol.K
24
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