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Gallium Bismuth Comparison


Bismuth Gallium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ga   
Bi   

Group Number
13   
5
15   
3

Period Number
4   
6   

Block
p block   
p block   

Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   

CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440699   
22

Space Group Name
Cmca   
C12/m1   

Space Group Number
64.00   
9
12.00   
12

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Claude François Geoffroy   

Discovery
In 1875   
In 1753   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
7 * 10-8 %   
25

Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.000006 %   
14

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
24

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  

Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   

In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20

In Bone
Not Available   
0.20 p.p.m.   
22

Physical Properties

Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
271.30 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
1,560.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.25   
15

Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
70.00 MPa   
99+

Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
1,790.00 m/s   
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ga   
Bi   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
24   
15
33   
6

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
2.02   
6

Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
2.34   
3

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.67   
6

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
2.15   
4

Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
2.01   
4

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
1.98   
99+

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
703.00 kJ/mol   
35

2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33

3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19

Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19

Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.22 eV   
22

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
31   
99+
83   
33

Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   

Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   

Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
31   
99+
83   
33

Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
126   
18

Number of Electrons
31   
99+
83   
33

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
156.00 pm   
29

Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
148.00 pm   
36

Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
207.00 pm   
26

Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
208.98 amu   
29

Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
21.30 cm3/mol   
14

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Zinc
  
Lead
  

Next Element
Rubidium
  
Polonium
  

Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
41.90 (-eV)   
99+

Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
667.40 pm   
2

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
9.78 g/cm3   
39

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
10.05 g/cm3   
18

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
12.00 GPa   
99+

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
31.00 GPa   
38

Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
32.00 GPa   
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.33   
11

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
9.79   
30

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   

Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
6

Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
6

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Semiconductor   

Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
91.20 kJ/mol   
11

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40

Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
25.52 J/mol·K   
37

Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
7.97 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
10.90 kJ/mol   
33

Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+

Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
56.70 J/mol.K   
24

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