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Gallium vs Tin

Gallium
Tin
Tin vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga  
Sn  
Group Number
13  
5
14  
4
Period Number
4  
5  
Block
p block  
p block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440553  
32
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
64.00  
9
141.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Unknown  
Discovery
In 1875  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %  
16
4 * 10-7 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %  
16
~0.0000009 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
16
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
NA  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
Not Available  
1.40 p.p.m.  
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
18
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s  
31
2,730.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24  
15
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81  
15
1.96  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42  
2
1.49  
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82  
1
1.72  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01  
5
2.21  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.76  
14
1.82  
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19  
39
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
8
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available  
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV  
23
4.42 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31  
99+
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31  
99+
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
39  
99+
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
31  
99+
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm  
32
217.00 pm  
23
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu  
99+
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)  
19
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm  
18
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
6.99 g/cm3  
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
15
0.00 (Pa)  
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available  
18.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available  
58.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.47  
1
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91  
99+
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω  
29
0.09 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
107.30 kJ/mol  
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
35
27.11 J/mol·K  
20
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K  
34
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
24
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol  
36
290.40 kJ/mol  
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol  
39
301.30 kJ/mol  
35
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K  
38
51.20 J/mol.K  
29
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