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Gallium vs Tin

Gallium
Tin
Tin vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Sn   
Group Number
13   
5
14   
4
Period Number
4   
5   
Block
p block   
p block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1875   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
Not Available   
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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