Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
C12/m1
Cmca
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1753
In 1875
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
Susceptibility
Not Available
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available