plutonium

thorium

mbandhingaké plutonium lan thorium

plutonium

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

2.4 Block

pemblokiran f

2.5 Family unsur

actinide

2.6 CAS Number

74400757440326

7429905 54386242

2.11 Jeneng papan Group

P121 / m1

P63 / mmc

2.12 Space Group Number

11.00194.00

11 229

4 facts

4.1 Facts Interesting

Plutonium metal yen oleh ores saka logam uranium.
Plutonium metal banget sensitif kanggo owah-owahan ing kondisi atmosfer kaya suhu lan tekanan.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

4.2 sumber

Mining, Ores logam

Found in Minerals, Mining

4.3 History

4.3.1 sing katutup

Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

4.3.2 Discovery

Ing Antarane 1940 1941

ing 1829

4.4 turah mbrawah

4.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

ora Sumadhiya3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

5.5.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~-9999 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

5.7.4 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

ora Sumadhiya0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

6.2.5 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

ora Sumadhiya0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

7.1.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

ora Sumadhiya0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.3.3 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Plutonium iki digunakake ing bom atom lan isih digunakake ing macem-macem senjata lan industri amunisi.
Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing tanduran daya nuklir minangka sumber energi kanggo papan misi.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry amunisi

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.3.1 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

2.3.2 ing Bone

0.00 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

3 fisik

3.1 leleh Point

639.50 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

3.7 Boiling Point

3,235.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

3.9 katon

3.9.1 State fisik

Solid

3.9.2 warna

perak Putih

Silver

3.9.3 luster

3.10 atose

3.10.1 Mohs atose

ora Sumadhiya3.00

0.2 8.5

3.13.1 Brinell atose

ora Sumadhiya390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

3.17.1 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa

121 3430

5.3 Kacepetan swara

2,260.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

5.7 Properties Optical

5.7.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

5.7.3 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

5.8 allotropes

Ora

5.8.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.8.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5.8.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

6 Kimia

6.1 Formula Kimia

6.2 isotop

6.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2028

0 38

1.3 keelektronegatifan

1.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.281.30

0.7 2.54

1.3.4 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

1.4.2 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.221.11

0.86 1.82

1.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

1.7.2 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

1.11 Electropositivity

1.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.722.70

1.46 3.3

1.14 tenogo ionisasi

1.14.1 Level Energy 1st

584.70 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

2.4.2 Level Energy 2

1,128.00 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

2.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

2,084.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

2.5.7 Level Energy 4

3,338.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

2.5.10 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

2.5.13 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

2.5.16 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

2.5.19 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

2.5.23 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

2.5.26 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

3.1.3 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

3.2.8 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

4.1.2 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

4.2.3 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

4.4.3 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

4.4.8 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

4.4.14 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

4.5.2 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

4.6.3 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.2.2 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.2.6 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.3.3 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.3.9 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.3.12 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.4.2 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.4.6 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.5 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

6.3.2 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

6.3.4 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

6.8.2 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

7.2 padha karo elektrokimia

2.28 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

7.6 Fungsi Work elektron

ora Sumadhiya3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

7.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

8 atom

8.1 Panggil atom

9490

3 117

8.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 5F ⁶ 7s ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

8.4 Struktur Crystal

Pénguapan (Mon)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

8.4.1 Crystal pola

8.5 atom

8.5.1 Jumlah proton

9490

3 117

8.6.4 Jumlah Neutron

150142

4 184

8.8.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

9490

3 117

8.13 Radius saka Atom

8.13.1 Radius atom

159.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

8.16.1 kovalen Radius

187.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

9.1.2 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

10.2 Bobot atom

244.00 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

11.6 Volume atom

12.32 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

11.10 Nomer atom jejer

11.10.1 unsur Previous

11.10.2 Sabanjure unsur

11.11 Potensi Valence Electron

64.90 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.14 Constant pola

618.30 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

11.17 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

11.19 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

12 Teknik

12.1 Kapadhetan

12.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

19.82 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

1.2.5 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

16.63 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

2.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

3.4 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

3.7 meksa beluk

3.7.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

4.1.1 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

2.20 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

5.6 situs kelenturan

5.6.1 nyukur pengaturan

43.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

5.11.3 pengaturan akeh

ora Sumadhiya54.00 GPA

1.6 462

8.1.1 Young kang pengaturan

96.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

8.6 Poisson rasio

0.210.27

0.032 0.47

8.10 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile, malleable

ductile

9 Magnetic

9.1 Ciri Magnetic

9.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

19.8411.70

0.53 4500

10.1.1 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

10.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

10.5.3 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

10.10 Properties Listrik

10.10.1 Property Listrik

Arman miskin

superconductor

10.10.2 resistivity

1.46 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

12.2.1 konduktivitas listrik

0.01 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

12.5.1 elektron Affinity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

13 termal

13.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.13 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

14.3 Graham Kapasitas kalor

35.50 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

14.5 doyo termal

6.74 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

15.3 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

16.3 Expansion termal

46.70 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

16.6 enthalpy

16.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

344.00 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

18.4.1 Enthalpy saka Fusion

2.82 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

18.9.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

360.00 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

18.11 Standard molar Entropy

ora Sumadhiya27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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