seng

thorium

mbandhingaké seng lan thorium

seng

thorium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

120

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

pemblokiran f

1.5 Family unsur

transisi Metal

actinide

1.6 CAS Number

74406667440326

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00194.00

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
Prodhusèn utama Seng logam sing Australia, Kanada, China, USA lan Peru.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

2.2 sumber

bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Indian metallurgists

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

2.3.2 Discovery

Sadurunge 1000 SM

ing 1829

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

3 * 10^-5 %3 * 10^-4 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0002 %~0.0004 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.02 %0.05 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.01 %0.66 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

Kang utamané dipigunakaké kanggo galvanizing logam.
Iku uga digunakake kanggo Manufaktur die-casting lan iku banget penting kanggo industri automobile.

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Industry Pharmaceutical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

Highly Toxic

non Toxic

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

3.2.3 Sang

7.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

170.00 ppm0.02 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

419.58 ° C1,750.00 ° C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

907.00 ° C4,790.00 ° C

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

perak Gray

Silver

4.3.3 luster

metallic

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

2.503.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

327.00 MPa390.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

ora Sumadhiya295.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

3,850.00 m / s2,490.00 m / s

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

1.00ora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

80.00 %ora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

2528

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.651.30

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

2.23ora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.661.11

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.65ora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

1.59ora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.352.70

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

906.40 kJ / mol587.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,733.30 kJ / mol1,110.00 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

3,833.00 kJ / mol1,978.00 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

5,731.00 kJ / mol2,780.00 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

7,970.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

10,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

12,900.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

16,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

19,600.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

23,000.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

1.2.4 Level Energy 11

26,400.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

1.2.6 Level Energy 12

29,990.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

1.2.7 Level Energy 13

40,490.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

1.2.8 Level Energy 14

43,800.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

1.2.9 Level Energy 15

47,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

1.2.10 Level Energy 16

52,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

1.2.11 Level Energy 17

55,900.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

1.2.12 Level Energy 18

59,700.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

1.2.13 Level Energy 19

67,300.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

1.2.14 Level Energy 20

171,200.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

1.2.15 Level Energy 21

179,100.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

1.2.16 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

1.2.17 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

1.2.18 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

1.2.19 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

1.2.20 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

1.2.21 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

1.2.22 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

1.2.23 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

1.2.24 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

1.3 padha karo elektrokimia

1.22 g / amp-day2.16 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

1.4 Fungsi Work elektron

4.33 eV3.41 eV

2.14 5.65

1.5 Properties Kimia liyane

anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

2 atom

2.1 Panggil atom

3090

3 117

2.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Ar] 3d ¹⁰ 4s ²

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

2.3 Struktur Crystal

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

2.3.1 Crystal pola

2.4 atom

2.4.1 Jumlah proton

3090

3 117

2.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

35142

4 184

2.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

3090

3 117

2.5 Radius saka Atom

2.5.1 Radius atom

134.00 pm179.80 pm

112 265

2.5.2 kovalen Radius

122.00 pm206.00 pm

96 260

2.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

139.00 pm237.00 pm

139 348

2.6 Bobot atom

65.38 Amu232.04 Amu

6.94 294

2.7 Volume atom

9.20 cm3 / mol19.90 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

2.8 Nomer atom jejer

2.8.1 unsur Previous

2.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

2.9 Potensi Valence Electron

38.90 (-eV)59.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

2.10 Constant pola

266.49 pm508.42 pm

228.58 891.25

2.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

π/2, π/2, π/2

2.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

3 Teknik

3.1 Kapadhetan

3.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

7.14 g / cm ³11.72 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

3.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

6.57 g / cm3ora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

3.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

3.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

3.4 meksa beluk

3.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

3.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

3.5 situs kelenturan

3.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

43.00 GPA31.00 GPA

1.3 222

3.5.2 pengaturan akeh

70.00 GPA54.00 GPA

1.6 462

3.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

108.00 GPA79.00 GPA

1.7 528

3.6 Poisson rasio

0.250.27

0.032 0.47

3.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

4 Magnetic

4.1 Ciri Magnetic

4.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

6.9011.70

0.53 4500

4.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

diamagnetic

paramagnetic

4.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

4.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

4.2 Properties Listrik

4.2.1 Property Listrik

Arman

superconductor

4.2.2 resistivity

59.00 nΩ · m157.00 nΩ · m

0.18 961

4.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.17 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

4.2.4 elektron Affinity

0.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

5 termal

5.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.39 J / (kg K)0.12 J / (kg K)

0.11 3.6

5.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

25.47 J / mol · K26.23 J / mol · K

16.443 62.7

5.3 doyo termal

116.00 W / m · K54.00 W / m · K

6.3 429

5.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

5.5 Expansion termal

30.20 μm / (m · K)11.00 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

5.6 enthalpy

5.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

7.32 kJ / mol429.00 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

5.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

7.32 kJ / mol15.48 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

5.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

129.70 kJ / mol468.60 kJ / mol

61.5 837

5.7 Standard molar Entropy

41.60 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

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