thorium

Bohrium

mbandhingaké thorium lan Bohrium

thorium

Bohrium

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1 Tabel périodik

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Panggil Group

0 17

1.3 Panggil periode

2 7

1.4 Block

pemblokiran f

d block

1.5 Family unsur

actinide

transisi Metal

1.6 CAS Number

744032654037148

7429905 54386242

1.7 Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

ora Sumadhiya

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00ora Sumadhiya

11 229

2 facts

2.1 Facts Interesting

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

metal Bohrium uga dikenal minangka Unnilseptium (UNS) lan Nielsbohrium (Ns).

2.2 sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, sintetik Diprodhuksi

2.3 History

2.3.1 sing katutup

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

2.3.2 Discovery

ing 1829

ing taun 1981

2.4 turah mbrawah

2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

3 * 10^-4 %ora Sumadhiya

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

~0.0004 %~-9999 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.05 %ora Sumadhiya

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.66 %ora Sumadhiya

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %ora Sumadhiya

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1E-13 1.4

3 ulah

3.1 Ulah lan Wuku

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

Efesus saiki dikenal saka logam Bohrium sing winates kanggo riset waé mung.

3.1.1 Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

3.1.2 Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Ulah liyane

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

tujuan Research

3.2 Properties biologi

3.2.1 keracunan

non Toxic

Unknown

3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human

Ora

3.2.3 Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.00 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 ing Bone

0.02 ppm0.00 ppm

0 170000

4 fisik

4.1 leleh Point

1,750.00 ° Cora Sumadhiya

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

4,790.00 ° Cora Sumadhiya

147 5660

4.3 katon

4.3.1 State fisik

Solid

4.3.2 warna

Silver

Unknown

4.3.3 luster

Unknown Luster

4.4 atose

4.4.1 Mohs atose

3.00ora Sumadhiya

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell atose

390.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers atose

295.00 MPaora Sumadhiya

121 3430

4.5 Kacepetan swara

2,490.00 m / sora Sumadhiya

818 16200

4.6 Properties Optical

4.6.1 bias Index

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 reflectivity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58 97

4.7 allotropes

Ora

4.7.1 α allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.2 β allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

4.7.3 γ allotropes

ora Sumadhiya

5 Kimia

5.1 Formula Kimia

5.2 isotop

5.2.1 Isotop dikenal

285

0 38

5.3 keelektronegatifan

5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.30ora Sumadhiya

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.11ora Sumadhiya

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.70ora Sumadhiya

1.46 3.3

5.5 tenogo ionisasi

5.5.1 Level Energy 1st

587.00 kJ / mol742.90 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 Level Energy 2

1,110.00 kJ / mol1,688.50 kJ / mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd

1,978.00 kJ / mol2,566.50 kJ / mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 Level Energy 4

2,780.00 kJ / mol3,598.90 kJ / mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 Level Energy 5th

ora Sumadhiya4,727.80 kJ / mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 Level Energy 6th

ora Sumadhiya5,991.70 kJ / mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7

ora Sumadhiya7,226.80 kJ / mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 Level Energy 8

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 Level Energy 9

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

14110 134700

5.5.10 Level Energy 10th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

17100 144300

5.5.11 Level Energy 11

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

19900 169988

5.5.12 Level Energy 12

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

22219 189368

5.5.13 Level Energy 13

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26930 76015

5.5.14 Level Energy 14

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

29196 86450

5.5.15 Level Energy 15

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

41987 97510

5.5.16 Level Energy 16

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

47206 109480

5.5.17 Level Energy 17

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

52737 122200

5.5.18 Level Energy 18

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

58570 134810

5.5.19 Level Energy 19

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

64702 148700

5.5.20 Level Energy 20

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

80400 171200

5.5.21 Level Energy 21

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

87000 179100

5.5.22 Level Energy 22

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

93400 184900

5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

98420 198800

5.5.24 Level Energy 24

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

104400 195200

5.5.25 Level Energy 25th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

121900 121900

5.5.26 Level Energy 26th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

127700 127700

5.5.27 Level Energy 27th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

133800 133800

5.5.28 Level Energy 28th

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

139800 139800

5.5.29 Level Energy 29

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

148100 148100

5.5.30 Level Energy 30

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

154500 154500

5.6 padha karo elektrokimia

2.16 g / amp-dayora Sumadhiya

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Fungsi Work elektron

3.41 eVora Sumadhiya

2.14 5.65

5.8 Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif

6 atom

6.1 Panggil atom

90107

3 117

6.2 Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

[Rn] 5F ¹⁴ 6D ⁵ 7s ²

6.3 Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal pola

6.4 atom

6.4.1 Jumlah proton

90107

3 117

6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron

142155

4 184

6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron

90107

3 117

6.5 Radius saka Atom

6.5.1 Radius atom

179.80 pm128.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 kovalen Radius

206.00 pm141.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pmora Sumadhiya

139 348

6.6 Bobot atom

232.04 Amu270.00 Amu

6.94 294

6.7 Volume atom

19.90 cm3 / molora Sumadhiya

1.39 71.07

6.8 Nomer atom jejer

6.8.1 unsur Previous

6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur

6.9 Potensi Valence Electron

59.30 (-eV)ora Sumadhiya

8 392.42

6.10 Constant pola

508.42 pmora Sumadhiya

228.58 891.25

6.11 pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Pola C / A rasio

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.567 1.886

7 Teknik

7.1 Kapadhetan

7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

11.72 g / cm ³37.10 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.512 20

7.2 Strength tensile

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.5 11000

7.3 viskositas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 meksa beluk

7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya

2.62E-10 774

7.5 situs kelenturan

7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan

31.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.3 222

7.5.2 pengaturan akeh

54.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan

79.00 GPAora Sumadhiya

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson rasio

0.27ora Sumadhiya

0.032 0.47

7.7 Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

Unknown

8 Magnetic

8.1 Ciri Magnetic

8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu

11.70ora Sumadhiya

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Unknown

8.1.3 permeabilitas

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 kelemahan

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Properties Listrik

8.2.1 Property Listrik

superconductor

Unknown

8.2.2 resistivity

157.00 nΩ · mora Sumadhiya

0.18 961

8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ωora Sumadhiya

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 elektron Affinity

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

0 222.8

9 termal

9.1 Kalor tartamtu

0.12 J / (kg K)ora Sumadhiya

0.11 3.6

9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.23 J / mol · Kora Sumadhiya

16.443 62.7

9.3 doyo termal

54.00 W / m · Kora Sumadhiya

6.3 429

9.4 suhu kritis

ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya

26.3 3223

9.5 Expansion termal

11.00 μm / (m · K)ora Sumadhiya

4.5 97

9.6 enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan

429.00 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion

15.48 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization

468.60 kJ / molora Sumadhiya

61.5 837

9.7 Standard molar Entropy

27.30 J / mol.Kora Sumadhiya

9.5 198.1

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