1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
1.3 Panggil periode
1.4 Block
1.5 Family unsur
1.6 CAS Number
74403267439896
7429905
54386242
1.7 Jeneng papan Group
1.8 Space Group Number
2 facts
2.1 Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Iron ora tansah Magnetik ing alam, allotrope sawijining ferromagnetic lan B allotrope punika nonmagnetic.
- getih kasusun Iron in molekul hemoglobin kanggo nransfer Oksigen ing awak.
2.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Unknown
2.3.2 Discovery
ing 1829
Sadurunge 5000 BC
2.4 turah mbrawah
2.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %1.1 * 10-1 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~0.1 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
2.4.4 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
2.4.5 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
2.4.6 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya0.01 %
1E-13
1.4
3 ulah
3.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- logam campuran baja logam wesi digunakake ing aplikasi saka sipil lan Manufaktur.
- Wesi wesi karo nikel, vanadium, krom, tungsten lan manganese kudu banget migunani.
3.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
3.1.2 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Industry Pharmaceutical, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi, patung, Statues
3.2 Properties biologi
3.2.1 keracunan
3.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
3.2.3 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3447.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.4 ing Bone
0.02 ppm380.00 ppm
0
170000
4 fisik
4.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C1,535.00 ° C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C2,750.00 ° C
147
5660
4.3 katon
4.3.1 State fisik
4.3.2 warna
4.3.3 luster
4.4 atose
4.4.1 Mohs atose
4.4.2 Brinell atose
390.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers atose
295.00 MPa608.00 MPa
121
3430
4.5 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s5,120.00 m / s
818
16200
4.6 Properties Optical
4.6.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiya65.00 %
58
97
4.7 allotropes
4.7.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
4.7.2 β allotropes
4.7.3 γ allotropes
5 Kimia
5.1 Formula Kimia
5.2 isotop
5.2.1 Isotop dikenal
5.3 keelektronegatifan
5.3.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
5.3.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya2.20
0.22
2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.80
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 tenogo ionisasi
5.5.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol762.50 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
5.5.2 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol1,561.90 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol2,957.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
5.5.4 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol5,290.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
5.5.5 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya7,240.00 kJ / mol
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya9,560.00 kJ / mol
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya12,060.00 kJ / mol
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya14,580.00 kJ / mol
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya22,540.00 kJ / mol
14110
134700
5.5.10 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya25,290.00 kJ / mol
17100
144300
5.5.11 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiya28,000.00 kJ / mol
19900
169988
5.5.12 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiya31,920.00 kJ / mol
22219
189368
5.5.13 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiya34,830.00 kJ / mol
26930
76015
5.5.14 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiya37,840.00 kJ / mol
29196
86450
5.5.15 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiya44,100.00 kJ / mol
41987
97510
5.5.16 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiya47,206.00 kJ / mol
47206
109480
5.5.17 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiya122,200.00 kJ / mol
52737
122200
5.5.18 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiya131,000.00 kJ / mol
58570
134810
5.5.19 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiya140,500.00 kJ / mol
64702
148700
5.5.20 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiya152,600.00 kJ / mol
80400
171200
5.5.21 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiya163,000.00 kJ / mol
87000
179100
5.5.22 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiya173,600.00 kJ / mol
93400
184900
5.5.23 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiya188,100.00 kJ / mol
98420
198800
5.5.24 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiya195,200.00 kJ / mol
104400
195200
5.5.25 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
5.5.26 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
5.5.27 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
5.5.28 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
5.5.29 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
5.5.30 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
5.6 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day0.69 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Fungsi Work elektron
5.8 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
Corrosion, ionisasi, kelarutan
6 atom
6.1 Panggil atom
6.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Ar] 3d 6 4s 2
6.3 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Body tengah kubik (Bcc)
6.3.1 Crystal pola
6.4 atom
6.4.1 Jumlah proton
6.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
6.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
6.5 Radius saka Atom
6.5.1 Radius atom
179.80 pm126.00 pm
112
265
6.5.2 kovalen Radius
206.00 pm132.00 pm
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
6.6 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu55.85 Amu
6.94
294
6.7 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol7.10 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
6.8 Nomer atom jejer
6.8.1 unsur Previous
6.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
6.9 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
6.10 Constant pola
508.42 pm286.65 pm
228.58
891.25
6.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
7 Teknik
7.1 Kapadhetan
7.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 37.87 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya6.98 g / cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya11,000.00 MPa
2.5
11000
7.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 meksa beluk
7.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
7.5 situs kelenturan
7.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA82.00 GPA
1.3
222
7.5.2 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA170.00 GPA
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA211.00 GPA
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson rasio
7.7 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable, Weldable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Ciri Magnetic
8.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
8.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
8.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiya6.3 * 10-3 H / m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiya2,00,000.00
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Properties Listrik
8.2.1 Property Listrik
8.2.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m96.10 nΩ · m
0.18
961
8.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω0.10 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya15.70 kJ / mol
0
222.8
9 termal
9.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)0.44 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
9.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K25.10 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
9.3 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K80.40 W / m · K
6.3
429
9.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
9.5 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)11.80 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
9.6 enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol351.00 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol14.90 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol414.20 kJ / mol
61.5
837
9.7 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K27.30 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1