thorium

krom

mbandhingaké thorium lan krom

thorium

krom

Add ⊕

Tabel périodik

Symbol

Panggil Group

0 17

👆🏻

Panggil periode

2 7

👆🏻

Block

pemblokiran f

d block

Family unsur

actinide

transisi Metal

CAS Number

74403267440473

7429905 54386242

👆🏻

Jeneng papan Group

P63 / mmc

3M Im_

Space Group Number

194.00229.00

11 276

👆🏻

facts

Facts Interesting

metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.

Krom punika reaktif, Empu durung ketemu gratis ing alam.

Ores saka Chromites Mineral sing sumber utama saka logam Krom.

Meh 90% penyamakan kulit wis rampung karo bantuan saka krom.

sumber

Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals

History

sing katutup

Jöns Jakob Berzelius

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Discovery

ing 1829

Ing Antarane 1797 - 1798

turah mbrawah

Turah mbrawah Ing Universe

0.00 %0.00 %

0 0.11

👆🏻

Turah mbrawah Ing Sun

0.00 %0.00 %

0 0.1

👆🏻

Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit

0.05 %0.30 %

0 22

👆🏻

Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur

0.66 %0.01 %

1E-37 8.1

👆🏻

Turah mbrawah Ing Segara

0.00 %0.00 %

0 1.1

👆🏻

Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa

0.00 %0.00 %

0 1.4

👆🏻

ulah

Ulah lan Wuku

metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.

Iki digunakake kanggo harden baja lan mrodhuksi stainless steel lan macem-macem wesi liyane.
Iki uga digunakake kanggo menehi finish sing tepat kanggo mirrors polesan. Piring kromium digunakake ing perlengkapan jedhing.

Ulah Industrial

Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik

Industry automobile, Industri Kimia

Ulah Medical

Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Ulah liyane

wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues

wesi

Properties biologi

keracunan

non Toxic

Highly Toxic

Saiki ing badan Human

Sang

0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.11 Sang / mg dm-3

0 1970

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ing Bone

0.02 ppm0.33 ppm

0 170000

👆🏻

fisik

leleh Point

1,750.00 ° C1,857.00 ° C

-38.83 3410

👆🏻

Boiling Point

4,790.00 ° C2,672.00 ° C

0 5660

👆🏻

katon

State fisik

Solid

warna

Silver

luster

metallic

atose

Mohs atose

3.008.50

0.2 8.5

👆🏻

Brinell atose

390.00 MPa687.00 MPa

0.14 3490

👆🏻

Vickers atose

295.00 MPa1,060.00 MPa

0 3920

👆🏻

Kacepetan swara

2,490.00 m / s5,940.00 m / s

818 16200

👆🏻

Properties Optical

bias Index

1.602.97

0.155 3.41

👆🏻

reflectivity

15.00 %70.00 %

5 97

👆🏻

allotropes

Ora

α allotropes

β allotropes

γ allotropes

Kimia

Formula Kimia

isotop

Isotop dikenal

2821

0 38

👆🏻

keelektronegatifan

Pauling Elektronegativitas

1.301.66

0 2.6

👆🏻

Sanderson Elektronegativitas

1.301.66

0.22 2.56

👆🏻

Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas

1.111.56

0.86 1.9

👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas

1.301.66

0.62 2.48

👆🏻

Allen Elektronegativitas

1.301.65

0.659 2.7

👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.702.34

1.46 3.3

👆🏻

tenogo ionisasi

Level Energy 1st

587.00 kJ / mol26,130.00 kJ / mol

375.7 26130

👆🏻

Level Energy 2

1,110.00 kJ / mol28,750.00 kJ / mol

392.8 28750

👆🏻

Level Energy 3rd

1,978.00 kJ / mol34,230.00 kJ / mol

392.8 34230

👆🏻

Level Energy 4

2,780.00 kJ / mol37,066.00 kJ / mol

375.7 37066

👆🏻

Level Energy 5th

5,870.00 kJ / mol97,510.00 kJ / mol

392 97510

👆🏻

Level Energy 6th

5,870.00 kJ / mol105,800.00 kJ / mol

1007 105800

👆🏻

tingkat Energy 7

5,870.00 kJ / mol114,300.00 kJ / mol

1007 114300

👆🏻

Level Energy 8

5,870.00 kJ / mol125,300.00 kJ / mol

730 125300

👆🏻

Level Energy 9

5,870.00 kJ / mol134,700.00 kJ / mol

1007 134700

👆🏻

Level Energy 10th

5,870.00 kJ / mol144,300.00 kJ / mol

392 144300

👆🏻

Level Energy 11

5,870.00 kJ / mol26,130.00 kJ / mol

392 169988

👆🏻

Level Energy 12

5,870.00 kJ / mol28,750.00 kJ / mol

0 189368

👆🏻

Level Energy 13

5,870.00 kJ / mol34,230.00 kJ / mol

1007 76015

👆🏻

Level Energy 14

5,870.00 kJ / mol37,066.00 kJ / mol

380 86450

👆🏻

Level Energy 15

58,700.00 kJ / mol97,510.00 kJ / mol

33000 100700

👆🏻

Level Energy 16

58,700.00 kJ / mol105,800.00 kJ / mol

375.7 109480

👆🏻

Level Energy 17

587.40 kJ / mol114,300.00 kJ / mol

375.7 122200

👆🏻

Level Energy 18

5,870.00 kJ / mol125,300.00 kJ / mol

0 134810

👆🏻

Level Energy 19

587.00 kJ / mol134,700.00 kJ / mol

375.7 148700

👆🏻

Level Energy 20

587.00 kJ / mol144,300.00 kJ / mol

0 171200

👆🏻

Level Energy 21

587.00 kJ / mol157,700.00 kJ / mol

375.7 179100

👆🏻

Level Energy 22

587.00 kJ / mol166,090.00 kJ / mol

330 184900

👆🏻

Level Energy 23rd

587.00 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

357.6 198800

👆🏻

Level Energy 24

587.00 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

297.3 195200

👆🏻

Level Energy 25th

587.00 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

0 121900

👆🏻

Level Energy 26th

587.40 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

357.6 127700

👆🏻

Level Energy 27th

587.40 kJ / mol652.90 kJ / mol

0 133800

👆🏻

Level Energy 28th

587.40 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

297.3 139800

👆🏻

Level Energy 29

587.00 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

0 148100

👆🏻

Level Energy 30

587.40 kJ / mol653.80 kJ / mol

0 154500

👆🏻

padha karo elektrokimia

2.16 g / amp-day0.32 g / amp-day

0.16812 8.3209

👆🏻

Fungsi Work elektron

3.41 eV4.50 eV

2.14 6

👆🏻

Properties Kimia liyane

Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif

anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, kelarutan

atom

Panggil atom

9024

3 117

👆🏻

Konfigurasi elektron

[Rn] 6D ² 7s ²

[Ar] 3d ⁵ 4s ¹

Struktur Crystal

Face tengah kubik (FCC)

Body tengah kubik (Bcc)

Crystal pola

atom

Jumlah proton

9024

3 117

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Jumlah Neutron

14228

4 285

👆🏻

Jumlah Èlèktron

9024

3 117

👆🏻

Radius saka Atom

Radius atom

179.80 pm128.00 pm

0 348

👆🏻

kovalen Radius

206.00 pm139.00 pm

0 260

👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

237.00 pm200.00 pm

0 348

👆🏻

Bobot atom

232.04 Amu52.00 Amu

6.94 294

👆🏻

Volume atom

19.90 cm3 / mol7.23 cm3 / mol

1.39 71.07

👆🏻

Nomer atom jejer

unsur Previous

Sabanjure unsur

Potensi Valence Electron

59.30 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)

0 392.42

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Constant pola

508.42 pm291.00 pm

0 891.25

👆🏻

pola Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Pola C / A rasio

1.101.86

0.423 1.9

👆🏻

Teknik

Kapadhetan

Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar

11.72 g / cm ³7.19 g / cm ³

0.534 40.7

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Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)

11.72 g / cm36.30 g / cm3

0.512 41

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Strength tensile

75.00 MPa689.00 MPa

0.1 11000

👆🏻

viskositas

0.000.00

1.5E-05 0.0035

👆🏻

meksa beluk

Meksa beluk ing 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

0 121

👆🏻

Meksa beluk ing 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)774.00 (Pa)

0 774

👆🏻

situs kelenturan

nyukur pengaturan

31.00 GPA115.00 GPA

1.3 222

👆🏻

pengaturan akeh

54.00 GPA160.00 GPA

0 462

👆🏻

Young kang pengaturan

79.00 GPA279.00 GPA

0 528

👆🏻

Poisson rasio

0.270.21

0.032 0.47

👆🏻

Properties Teknik liyane

ductile

Magnetic

Ciri Magnetic

Gravitasi tartamtu

11.707.19

0.53 4500

👆🏻

Nindakake Magnetic

paramagnetic

Antiferromagnetic

permeabilitas

0.00 H / m0.00 H / m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

👆🏻

kelemahan

0.000.00

-0.000166 200000

👆🏻

Properties Listrik

Property Listrik

superconductor

resistivity

157.00 nΩ · m125.00 nΩ · m

0.1 961

👆🏻

konduktivitas listrik

0.07 10 ⁶ / cm Ω0.08 10 ⁶ / cm Ω

0 0.63

👆🏻

elektron Affinity

0.00 kJ / mol64.30 kJ / mol

0 222.8

👆🏻

termal

Kalor tartamtu

0.12 J / (kg K)0.45 J / (kg K)

0.1 3.6

👆🏻

Graham Kapasitas kalor

26.23 J / mol · K23.35 J / mol · K

13.1 62.7

👆🏻

doyo termal

54.00 W / m · K93.90 W / m · K

0 429

👆🏻

suhu kritis

2,023.00 K1,907.00 K

26.3 3695

👆🏻

Expansion termal

11.00 μm / (m · K)4.90 μm / (m · K)

4.5 97

👆🏻

enthalpy

Enthalpy panguapan

429.00 kJ / mol348.80 kJ / mol

7.32 799.1

👆🏻

Enthalpy saka Fusion

15.48 kJ / mol15.31 kJ / mol

2.1 35.23

👆🏻

Enthalpy saka atomization

468.60 kJ / mol397.50 kJ / mol

61.5 837

👆🏻

Standard molar Entropy

27.30 J / mol.K23.80 J / mol.K

9.5 198.1

👆🏻

Mbandhingaké actinide Series » More

thorium mungsuh neptunium

thorium mungsuh americium

thorium mungsuh Lawrencium

» More Mbandhingaké actinide Series

actinide Series » More

» More actinide Series