mbandhingaké thorium lan Lead
Tabel périodik
Symbol
Th
Pb
Panggil Group
0
18
14
4
Panggil periode
7
6
Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
Family unsur
actinide
Transisi Post-
CAS Number
7440326
99+
7439921
99+
Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Fm_ 3M
Space Group Number
194.00
5
225.00
2
facts
Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Galena Mineral ngandhut meh 87% saka logam Lead ing, Galena punika sulfide Mineral.
- Sumber kasedhiya paling saka logam Lead dina iku dening ulang batre automobile.
sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores logam, Ores saka Minerals
History
sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Unknown
Discovery
ing 1829
Ing Tengah Easterns (7000 SM)
turah mbrawah
Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %
9
1 * 10-6 %
16
Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %
9
~0.000001 %
18
Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %
11
0.00 %
23
Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %
7
0.00 %
26
Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %
15
0.00 %
22
Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya
0.00 %
8
ulah
Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Sampeyan uga dipigunakaké ing insecticides, alami rambute lan minangka aditif anti-nuthuk kanggo bensin. Nanging kabeh iki dilarang déning pamaréntah minangka logam Lead dikenal kanggo ngrugekake kanggo kesehatan.
Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi
Properties biologi
keracunan
non Toxic
Toxic
Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-3
33
0.21 Sang / mg dm-3
11
ing Bone
0.02 ppm
29
30.00 ppm
10
fisik Properties
leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C
17
327.50 ° C
99+
Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C
8
1,740.00 ° C
99+
katon
State fisik
Solid
Solid
warna
Silver
Gray
luster
NA
metallic
atose
Mohs atose
3.00
12
1.50
18
Brinell atose
390.00 MPa
29
38.00 MPa
99+
Vickers atose
295.00 MPa
29
ora Sumadhiya
Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s
36
1,190.00 m / s
99+
Properties Optical
allotropes
Ora
Ora
α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Kimia Properties
Formula Kimia
Th
Pb
isotop
Isotop dikenal
28
11
35
4
keelektronegatifan
Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.30
32
1.87
13
Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.29
4
Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.11
29
1.55
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
2.41
2
Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya
1.85
8
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
1.67
99+
tenogo ionisasi
Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol
99+
715.60 kJ / mol
31
Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol
99+
1,450.50 kJ / mol
99+
Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol
99+
3,081.50 kJ / mol
23
Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol
99+
4,083.00 kJ / mol
35
Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya
6,640.00 kJ / mol
20
padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day
24
3.87 g / amp-day
9
Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV
32
4.25 eV
21
Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
anti Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
atom Properties
Panggil atom
90
28
82
34
Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Xe] 4F 14 5d 10 6s 2 6p 2
Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Crystal pola
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100
atom
Jumlah proton
90
28
82
34
Jumlah Neutron
142
15
125
19
Jumlah Èlèktron
90
28
82
34
Radius saka Atom
Radius atom
179.80 pm
15
175.00 pm
19
kovalen Radius
206.00 pm
7
146.00 pm
38
Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm
15
202.00 pm
27
Bobot atom
232.04 Amu
23
207.20 Amu
30
Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol
20
18.17 cm3 / mol
27
Nomer atom jejer
Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)
23
24.20 (-eV)
99+
Constant pola
508.42 pm
14
495.08 pm
16
pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Teknik Properties
Kapadhetan
Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 3
32
11.34 g / cm 3
33
Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya
10.66 g / cm3
15
Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiya
12.00 MPa
20
viskositas
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
meksa beluk
Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya
1.64 (Pa)
7
Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
22
ora Sumadhiya
situs kelenturan
nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA
21
5.60 GPA
99+
pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA
22
46.00 GPA
24
Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA
24
16.00 GPA
99+
Poisson rasio
0.27
20
0.44
3
Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
ductile, malleable
Magnetic Properties
Ciri Magnetic
Gravitasi tartamtu
11.70
23
11.35
25
Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
Properties Listrik
Property Listrik
superconductor
Arman miskin
resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m
22
208.00 nΩ · m
16
konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
31
0.05 10 6 / cm Ω
36
elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya
35.10 kJ / mol
28
termal Properties
Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)
40
0.13 J / (kg K)
39
Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K
30
26.65 J / mol · K
26
doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K
28
35.30 W / m · K
38
suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)
36
28.90 μm / (m · K)
13
enthalpy
Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol
15
179.40 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol
19
4.77 kJ / mol
99+
Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol
15
194.60 kJ / mol
99+
Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K
99+
64.80 J / mol.K
17
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