×

thorium
thorium

Panerapan
Panerapan



ADD
Compare
X
thorium
X
Panerapan

mbandhingaké thorium lan Panerapan

Add ⊕
1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
Th
Ga
1.2 Panggil Group
013
Gadolinium unsur
0 17
1.4 Panggil periode
74
lithium unsur
2 7
1.9 Block
pemblokiran f
p pemblokiran
1.10 Family unsur
actinide
Transisi Post-
1.11 CAS Number
74403267440553
Aluminium unsur
7429905 54386242
1.15 Jeneng papan Group
P63 / mmc
Cmca
1.16 Space Group Number
194.0064.00
plutonium unsur
11 229
3 facts
3.1 Facts Interesting
  • metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
  • Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
  • A gram saka logam Gallium bisa tuku mung telung dolar.
  • Panerapan logam ketemu ing ores bab ing ngisor iki Coal, Bauksit, Diaspore, sphalerite, germanite lan Seng.
3.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
3.3.2 Discovery
ing 1829
ing taun 1875
3.4 turah mbrawah
3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium unsur
5E-09 0.11
3.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~0.000004 %
Beryllium unsur
1E-08 0.1
4.1.2 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
0.05 %0.00 %
Gold unsur
1.7E-07 22
4.3.3 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
0.66 %0.00 %
Radium unsur
9.9E-12 8.1
4.5.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
0.00 %0.00 %
Protaktinium unsur
2E-23 1.1
4.6.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Radium unsur
1E-13 1.4
5 ulah
5.1 Ulah lan Wuku
  • metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
  • senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
  • Panerapan arsenida punika komponèn penting banget akeh semikonduktor lan manufaktur mimpin.
  • Panerapan nitride uga ngerti minangka semikonduktor lan digunakake ing teknologi Blu-ray, Smartphone mobile lan LED.
5.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
5.1.2 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
5.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi
5.2 Properties biologi
5.2.1 keracunan
non Toxic
non Toxic
5.2.3 Saiki ing badan Human
Ya
Ya
5.2.4 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-30.08 Sang / mg dm-3
plutonium unsur
0 1970
5.3.2 ing Bone
0.02 ppmora Sumadhiya
plutonium unsur
0 170000
6 fisik
6.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C29.78 ° C
Francium unsur
27 3410
7.2 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C2,403.00 ° C
Flerovium unsur
147 5660
7.4 katon
7.4.1 State fisik
Solid
Solid
7.4.2 warna
Silver
perak Putih
7.4.3 luster
NA
metallic
7.5 atose
7.5.1 Mohs atose
3.001.50
sesium unsur
0.2 8.5
8.1.4 Brinell atose
390.00 MPa56.80 MPa
sesium unsur
0.14 3490
8.1.8 Vickers atose
295.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
Palladium unsur
121 3430
9.2 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s2,740.00 m / s
Thallium unsur
818 16200
9.4 Properties Optical
9.4.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Mercury unsur
1.000933 1.7229
9.5.1 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
58 97
10.2 allotropes
Ora
Ora
10.2.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
10.2.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
10.2.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
11 Kimia
11.1 Formula Kimia
Th
Ga
11.2 isotop
11.2.1 Isotop dikenal
2824
Tennessine unsur
0 38
11.6 keelektronegatifan
11.6.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
1.301.81
Francium unsur
0.7 2.54
11.8.2 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya2.42
sesium unsur
0.22 2.56
11.9.2 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
1.111.82
sesium unsur
0.86 1.82
11.10.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya2.01
sesium unsur
0.62 2.48
11.11.2 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.76
sesium unsur
0.659 2.7
11.13 Electropositivity
11.13.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.19
Gold unsur
1.46 3.3
11.14 tenogo ionisasi
11.14.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol578.80 kJ / mol
sesium unsur
375.7 26130
11.15.1 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol1,979.30 kJ / mol
uranium unsur
710.2162 28750
11.15.2 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol2,963.00 kJ / mol
osmium unsur
1600 34230
11.15.3 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol6,180.00 kJ / mol
Tin
2780 37066
11.15.4 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
dubnium unsur
4305.2 97510
11.15.5 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Seaborgium unsur
5715.8 105800
11.15.6 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Bohrium unsur
7226.8 114300
11.15.7 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
hassium unsur
8857.4 125300
11.15.8 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Yttrium unsur
14110 134700
11.15.9 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
strontium unsur
17100 144300
11.15.10 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Yttrium unsur
19900 169988
11.15.11 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
22219 189368
11.15.12 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
26930 76015
11.15.13 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
29196 86450
11.15.14 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Manganese unsur
41987 97510
11.15.15 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Iron unsur
47206 109480
11.15.16 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
kobalt unsur
52737 122200
11.15.17 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Nickel unsur
58570 134810
11.15.18 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
tembaga unsur
64702 148700
11.15.19 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
80400 171200
11.15.20 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
87000 179100
11.15.21 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
93400 184900
11.15.22 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
98420 198800
11.15.23 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
104400 195200
11.15.24 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
121900 121900
11.15.25 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
127700 127700
11.15.26 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
133800 133800
11.15.27 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
139800 139800
11.15.28 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
148100 148100
11.15.29 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
molybdenum unsur
154500 154500
11.16 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day0.87 g / amp-day
Beryllium unsur
0.16812 8.3209
11.17 Fungsi Work elektron
3.41 eV4.20 eV
sesium unsur
2.14 5.65
11.18 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
12 atom
12.1 Panggil atom
9031
lithium unsur
3 117
12.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2 4p 1
12.3 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Orthorhombic (Orth)
12.3.1 Crystal pola
12.4 atom
12.4.1 Jumlah proton
9031
lithium unsur
3 117
12.4.2 Jumlah Neutron
14239
lithium unsur
4 184
12.4.3 Jumlah Èlèktron
9031
lithium unsur
3 117
12.5 Radius saka Atom
12.5.1 Radius atom
179.80 pm135.00 pm
Beryllium unsur
112 265
12.5.2 kovalen Radius
206.00 pm122.00 pm
Beryllium unsur
96 260
12.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm187.00 pm
seng unsur
139 348
12.6 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu69.72 Amu
lithium unsur
6.94 294
12.7 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol11.80 cm3 / mol
Manganese unsur
1.39 71.07
12.8 Nomer atom jejer
12.8.1 unsur Previous
12.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
12.9 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)69.70 (-eV)
Francium unsur
8 392.42
12.10 Constant pola
508.42 pm451.97 pm
Beryllium unsur
228.58 891.25
12.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
12.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Beryllium unsur
1.567 1.886
13 Teknik
13.1 Kapadhetan
13.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 35.91 g / cm 3
lithium unsur
0.534 40.7
13.1.2 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya6.10 g / cm3
lithium unsur
0.512 20
13.2 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Indium unsur
2.5 11000
13.3 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Mercury unsur
0.001526 0.001526
13.4 meksa beluk
13.4.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiya0.00 (Pa)
cerium unsur
2.47E-11 121
13.4.2 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
tungsten unsur
2.62E-10 774
13.5 situs kelenturan
13.5.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
kalium unsur
1.3 222
13.5.2 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPAora Sumadhiya
sesium unsur
1.6 462
13.5.3 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA9.80 GPA
sesium unsur
1.7 528
13.6 Poisson rasio
0.270.47
Beryllium unsur
0.032 0.47
13.7 Properties Teknik liyane
ductile
NA
14 Magnetic
14.1 Ciri Magnetic
14.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
11.705.91
lithium unsur
0.53 4500
14.1.2 Nindakake Magnetic
paramagnetic
diamagnetic
14.1.3 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Bismuth unsur
1.25643E-06 0.0063
14.1.4 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
Bismuth unsur
-0.000166 200000
14.2 Properties Listrik
14.2.1 Property Listrik
superconductor
Semiconductor
14.2.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m270.00 nΩ · m
Thallium unsur
0.18 961
14.2.3 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω0.07 10 6 / cm Ω
plutonium unsur
0.00666 0.63
14.2.4 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya28.90 kJ / mol
Mercury unsur
0 222.8
15 termal
15.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)0.37 J / (kg K)
americium unsur
0.11 3.6
15.2 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K25.86 J / mol · K
Beryllium unsur
16.443 62.7
15.3 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K40.60 W / m · K
neptunium unsur
6.3 429
15.4 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
ytterbium unsur
26.3 3223
15.5 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)18.00 μm / (m · K)
tungsten unsur
4.5 97
15.6 enthalpy
15.6.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol256.10 kJ / mol
seng unsur
7.32 799.1
15.6.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol5.59 kJ / mol
sesium unsur
2.1 35.23
15.6.3 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol276.10 kJ / mol
Mercury unsur
61.5 837
15.7 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K40.80 J / mol.K
Beryllium unsur
9.5 198.1