1 Tabel périodik
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Panggil Group
2.2 Panggil periode
2.7 Block
2.8 Family unsur
2.9 CAS Number
74403267440666
7429905
54386242
2.10 Jeneng papan Group
2.11 Space Group Number
3 facts
3.1 Facts Interesting
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka pilihan sulih liwat Uranium kanggo bahan bakar nuklir.
- Thorium logam katon (putih, alus) iku kaya-kaya padha Lead logam.
- Seng logam ketemu (diwenehi) ing akeh formulir kaya granules, foil, bledug lan ing wangun bubuk.
- Prodhusèn utama Seng logam sing Australia, Kanada, China, USA lan Peru.
3.2 sumber
Found in Minerals, Mining
bumi lemah ndhuwur, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores saka Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 sing katutup
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Indian metallurgists
3.3.3 Discovery
ing 1829
Sadurunge 1000 SM
3.4 turah mbrawah
3.4.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Universe
3 * 10-4 %3 * 10-5 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Sun
~0.0004 %~0.0002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.7.1 Turah mbrawah Ing meteorit
3.10.2 Turah mbrawah Ing bumi lemah ndhuwur
3.11.1 Turah mbrawah Ing Segara
3.13.2 Turah mbrawah Ing Manungsa
ora Sumadhiya0.00 %
1E-13
1.4
5 ulah
5.1 Ulah lan Wuku
- metal Thorium digunakake minangka agen allying kanggo Magnesium, Iku imparts kekuatan luwih lan resistance kanggo suhu.
- senyawa saka logam Thorium oxide digunakake minangka katalis industri.
- Kang utamané dipigunakaké kanggo galvanizing logam.
- Iku uga digunakake kanggo Manufaktur die-casting lan iku banget penting kanggo industri automobile.
5.1.1 Ulah Industrial
Industry Aerospace, Industry automobile, Industri Kimia, Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
Industry Listrik, Industry Elektronik
5.1.2 Ulah Medical
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Industry Pharmaceutical
5.1.3 Ulah liyane
wesi, Jewellery, patung, Statues
wesi
5.2 Properties biologi
5.2.1 keracunan
5.2.2 Saiki ing badan Human
5.2.4 Sang
0.00 Sang / mg dm-37.00 Sang / mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.7 ing Bone
0.02 ppm170.00 ppm
0
170000
6 fisik
6.1 leleh Point
1,750.00 ° C419.58 ° C
27
3410
6.4 Boiling Point
4,790.00 ° C907.00 ° C
147
5660
7.4 katon
7.4.1 State fisik
7.4.2 warna
7.4.4 luster
7.5 atose
7.5.1 Mohs atose
7.5.5 Brinell atose
390.00 MPa327.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.5.8 Vickers atose
295.00 MPaora Sumadhiya
121
3430
8.3 Kacepetan swara
2,490.00 m / s3,850.00 m / s
818
16200
9.2 Properties Optical
9.2.1 bias Index
ora Sumadhiya1.00
1.000933
1.7229
9.3.1 reflectivity
ora Sumadhiya80.00 %
58
97
9.4 allotropes
9.4.1 α allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
9.4.2 β allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
9.4.3 γ allotropes
ora Sumadhiya
ora Sumadhiya
10 Kimia
10.1 Formula Kimia
10.2 isotop
10.2.1 Isotop dikenal
10.6 keelektronegatifan
10.6.1 Pauling Elektronegativitas
10.6.4 Sanderson Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya2.23
0.22
2.56
11.1.1 Allred Rochow Elektronegativitas
11.2.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.65
0.62
2.48
11.3.1 Allen Elektronegativitas
ora Sumadhiya1.59
0.659
2.7
11.6 Electropositivity
11.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.9 tenogo ionisasi
11.9.1 Level Energy 1st
587.00 kJ / mol906.40 kJ / mol
375.7
26130
11.10.2 Level Energy 2
1,110.00 kJ / mol1,733.30 kJ / mol
710.2162
28750
11.12.3 Level Energy 3rd
1,978.00 kJ / mol3,833.00 kJ / mol
1600
34230
11.12.6 Level Energy 4
2,780.00 kJ / mol5,731.00 kJ / mol
2780
37066
12.2.2 Level Energy 5th
ora Sumadhiya7,970.00 kJ / mol
4305.2
97510
12.3.1 Level Energy 6th
ora Sumadhiya10,400.00 kJ / mol
5715.8
105800
12.3.2 tingkat Energy 7
ora Sumadhiya12,900.00 kJ / mol
7226.8
114300
12.4.2 Level Energy 8
ora Sumadhiya16,800.00 kJ / mol
8857.4
125300
12.4.4 Level Energy 9
ora Sumadhiya19,600.00 kJ / mol
14110
134700
12.4.5 Level Energy 10th
ora Sumadhiya23,000.00 kJ / mol
17100
144300
12.4.6 Level Energy 11
ora Sumadhiya26,400.00 kJ / mol
19900
169988
12.4.8 Level Energy 12
ora Sumadhiya29,990.00 kJ / mol
22219
189368
12.4.10 Level Energy 13
ora Sumadhiya40,490.00 kJ / mol
26930
76015
12.4.12 Level Energy 14
ora Sumadhiya43,800.00 kJ / mol
29196
86450
12.4.13 Level Energy 15
ora Sumadhiya47,300.00 kJ / mol
41987
97510
12.4.14 Level Energy 16
ora Sumadhiya52,300.00 kJ / mol
47206
109480
12.5.2 Level Energy 17
ora Sumadhiya55,900.00 kJ / mol
52737
122200
12.6.2 Level Energy 18
ora Sumadhiya59,700.00 kJ / mol
58570
134810
12.6.3 Level Energy 19
ora Sumadhiya67,300.00 kJ / mol
64702
148700
12.6.5 Level Energy 20
ora Sumadhiya171,200.00 kJ / mol
80400
171200
12.6.6 Level Energy 21
ora Sumadhiya179,100.00 kJ / mol
87000
179100
12.6.7 Level Energy 22
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
93400
184900
12.6.9 Level Energy 23rd
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
98420
198800
12.6.10 Level Energy 24
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
104400
195200
12.6.12 Level Energy 25th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
121900
121900
12.6.14 Level Energy 26th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
127700
127700
12.6.15 Level Energy 27th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
133800
133800
12.6.17 Level Energy 28th
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
139800
139800
12.6.19 Level Energy 29
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
148100
148100
12.6.21 Level Energy 30
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
154500
154500
12.7 padha karo elektrokimia
2.16 g / amp-day1.22 g / amp-day
0.16812
8.3209
12.8 Fungsi Work elektron
12.9 Properties Kimia liyane
Corrosion, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif, Radioaktif
anti Corrosion, Kimia Stabilitas, ionisasi, Isotop radioaktif
13 atom
13.1 Panggil atom
13.2 Konfigurasi elektron
[Rn] 6D 2 7s 2
[Ar] 3d 10 4s 2
13.3 Struktur Crystal
Face tengah kubik (FCC)
Hexagonal Tutup dikempalken (HCP)
13.3.1 Crystal pola
13.4 atom
13.4.1 Jumlah proton
13.4.4 Jumlah Neutron
13.4.7 Jumlah Èlèktron
13.5 Radius saka Atom
13.5.1 Radius atom
179.80 pm134.00 pm
112
265
13.5.3 kovalen Radius
206.00 pm122.00 pm
96
260
13.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
237.00 pm139.00 pm
139
348
13.6 Bobot atom
232.04 Amu65.38 Amu
6.94
294
13.7 Volume atom
19.90 cm3 / mol9.20 cm3 / mol
1.39
71.07
13.8 Nomer atom jejer
13.8.1 unsur Previous
13.8.2 Sabanjure unsur
13.9 Potensi Valence Electron
59.30 (-eV)38.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.10 Constant pola
508.42 pm266.49 pm
228.58
891.25
13.11 pola Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
13.12 Pola C / A rasio
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.567
1.886
14 Teknik
14.1 Kapadhetan
14.1.1 Kapadhetan Ing suhu kamar
11.72 g / cm 37.14 g / cm 3
0.534
40.7
14.2.1 Kapadhetan Nalika Liquid (ing mp)
ora Sumadhiya6.57 g / cm3
0.512
20
15.5 Strength tensile
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.5
11000
15.6 viskositas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
0.001526
0.001526
15.7 meksa beluk
15.7.1 Meksa beluk ing 1000 K
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
2.47E-11
121
15.7.3 Meksa beluk ing 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)ora Sumadhiya
2.62E-10
774
15.9 situs kelenturan
15.9.1 nyukur pengaturan
31.00 GPA43.00 GPA
1.3
222
15.9.4 pengaturan akeh
54.00 GPA70.00 GPA
1.6
462
15.10.1 Young kang pengaturan
79.00 GPA108.00 GPA
1.7
528
15.12 Poisson rasio
15.15 Properties Teknik liyane
16 Magnetic
16.1 Ciri Magnetic
16.1.1 Gravitasi tartamtu
16.2.1 Nindakake Magnetic
16.2.2 permeabilitas
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
1.25643E-06
0.0063
16.4.1 kelemahan
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
-0.000166
200000
17.2 Properties Listrik
17.2.1 Property Listrik
17.2.2 resistivity
157.00 nΩ · m59.00 nΩ · m
0.18
961
17.2.4 konduktivitas listrik
0.07 10 6 / cm Ω0.17 10 6 / cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
17.4.1 elektron Affinity
ora Sumadhiya0.00 kJ / mol
0
222.8
18 termal
18.1 Kalor tartamtu
0.12 J / (kg K)0.39 J / (kg K)
0.11
3.6
18.3 Graham Kapasitas kalor
26.23 J / mol · K25.47 J / mol · K
16.443
62.7
18.4 doyo termal
54.00 W / m · K116.00 W / m · K
6.3
429
18.5 suhu kritis
ora Sumadhiyaora Sumadhiya
26.3
3223
18.7 Expansion termal
11.00 μm / (m · K)30.20 μm / (m · K)
4.5
97
19.2 enthalpy
19.2.1 Enthalpy panguapan
429.00 kJ / mol7.32 kJ / mol
7.32
799.1
19.3.2 Enthalpy saka Fusion
15.48 kJ / mol7.32 kJ / mol
2.1
35.23
19.3.5 Enthalpy saka atomization
468.60 kJ / mol129.70 kJ / mol
61.5
837
19.4 Standard molar Entropy
27.30 J / mol.K41.60 J / mol.K
9.5
198.1